2013spring_8_ch3_3计算机体系结构.pdfVIP

Lecture 8Lecture 8 Pipeline Hazards Control Hazard Pippeliningg Hazards Taxonomy of Hazards – Structural hazards • These are conflicts over hardware resources. – Data hazardsData hazards • Instruction depends on result of prior computation which is not ready (computed or stored) yet • OK, we did these, Double Bump, Forwarding path, software scheduling, otherwise have to stall – CConttrol hl hazardds • branch condition and the branch PC are not available in time to fetch an instruction on theavailable in time to fetch an instruction on the next clock CA_2012Spring_Lec8_Pipeline 1.2 The Control hazard Cause – branch condition and the branch PC are not available in time to fetch an instruction on the next clock – The next PC takes time to comppute – For conditional branches, the branch direction takes time to comppute. Control hazards can cause a greater greater performance loss for MIPSgreater performance loss for MIPS pipeline than do data hazards. CA_2012Spring_Lec8_Pipeline 1.3 Example: Branches R3, 24 CA_2012Spring_Lec8_Pipeline 1.4 5 . 1 XUUM h B t W / a M E p M p 数 存存储 据 器 a t a M D E M