如何判断谓语和非谓语(语法填空)（无答案）.docxVIP

如何判断谓语和非谓语 2019年高考语法填空最大的变化就是增加了动词的考查。具体来说，全国1卷、2卷和3卷分别都是给了5个动词提示。通常来讲，给动词提示要先判断是谓语还是非谓语，然后填写相应正确的形式。可是不少学生缺乏判断句中动词是谓语还是非谓语的能力，下面我们来探讨这个问题。 要找到句子谓语动词，就必须先找到主语。一般简单的主语很容易找到，但是很多时候句子的主语很复杂，导致学生很难发现。复杂主语通常包括下列情形： 含有连词如and, both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as well as等；非谓语动词结构做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。 请看下面例句（均来自近年高考试题，斜体部分是句子的主语，划横线的就是谓语）： Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” (as well as 连接those who...与those least liked ...做主语) The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦) of dying can make nobody happy. (动词不定式to do结构做主语) Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. (-ing形式做主语) Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. (-ing形式做主语) What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. (主语从句充当主语) Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who?had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,?started?a business.. (同位语结构做主语) 找到了句子的主语，谓语就不难发现了。然后我们就需要根据主谓一致的原则，结合句中时间状语或上下文语境，确定谓语动词的形式(时态和语态)。 有时候句子中还包含从句，比如定语从句、状语从句或名词性从句。那么请注意：主句中有谓语动词，从句中也有谓语动词。请看例句： Some people?think?that?the great Chinese scholar Confucius,?who?lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,?influenced?the development of chopsticks. 本句中think是主句的谓语动词，宾语从句的谓语动词是influenced,宾语从句中还包含一个定语从句，其中lived是谓语动词。 当我们明确了句子(主句和从句)的谓语动词之后，那么，其他的动词只能用非谓语形式了。请看例句： He reported the case to the police and then sat there, = 1 \* GB3 ①lost and lonely in a strange city, = 2 \* GB3 ②thinking of the terrible troubles of = 3 \* GB3 ③getting all the paperwork = 4 \* GB3 ④organized again from a distant country while = 5 \* GB3 ⑤trying = 6 \* GB3 ⑥to settle down in a new one. 本句中and连接了并列谓语动词repo