2019-2020同步译林英语必修四新突破讲义：Unit+1+Section+Ⅲ　Grammar——直接引语和间接引语和答案.docVIP

PAGE Section Ⅲ　Grammar——直接引语和间接引语 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 ①He said to me，“You are wrong.” →He told me that I was wrong. ②“Are you a soldier？”he asked.→He asked if/whether I was a soldier. ③He asked，“Where are you going to get off，John？” →He asked John where he was going to get off. ④“Make sure the door is closed，”the teacher said to me. →The teacher told me to make sure the door was closed. ⑤“I will come and see you again this evening，Tom，”she said. →She told Tom that she would go and see him again that evening. ⑥“I will come here again today，”she said. →She said that shed go there again that day. 1.若直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，要用连词that来引导宾语从句；直接引语中的人称、时态等都要作相应的变化，如句①。 2.若直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词if或whether来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如句②。 3.若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用原来的疑问词来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如句③。 4.若直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，需改用“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构，其中的动词通常是表示“命令、建议、请求”的动词，如句④。 5.直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词和动词要作相应变化，如句⑤。 6.直接引语变间接引语时，地点状语和时间状语要作相应变化，如句⑥。 一、基本概念 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫作间接引语。 直接引语变为间接引语时，需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语以及语序等方面作相应的变化。 “I like singing，”she said.(直接引语) →She said she liked singing.(间接引语) 她说她喜欢唱歌。 “Dont touch anything，”he said.(直接引语) →He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语) 他告诉我们不要碰任何东西。 二、直接引语变为间接引语时各种句式的转换 1．引述陈述句时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常被省略。)，引述动词主要用say，tell，repeat，answer，reply，explain，announce，declare，think等。 He said，“I like it very much.” →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。 He said，“Ive left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。 2．引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一般只能用whether引导，引述动词用asked，语序用陈述句语序。 She said，“Do you like watching the advertisements on TV？” →She asked me if/whether I liked watching the advertisements on TV. 她问我是否喜欢看电视上的广告。 He asked，“They live in groups，dont they？” →He asked whether/if they lived in groups. 他问他们是否是群居。 He asked，“Are you a teacher or a student？” →He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student.他问我是老师还是学生。 [巧学助记]　 一般疑问句变间接引语“口诀” if/whether接引语，陈述