2019-2020同步外研英语必修三新突破讲义：Module+4+Section+Ⅲ　Grammar——动词不定式but＋动词不定式和答案.docVIP

PAGE Section Ⅲ　Grammar——动词不定式but＋动词不定式 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 1.Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China，a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. 2.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. 3.There was nothing to be done.It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation Ive ever been in. 4.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. 5.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. 6.When a sandstorm arrives in the city，weather experts advise people not to go out. 7.The winds are very strong.Its difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. 8.To prevent it coming nearer，the government is planting trees. 9.And yet we do nothing but talk about it. 1.1句中，第一个和第二个不定式在句中分别充当状语和宾语；2句和8句中的不定式作状语；5句中，it为形式宾语；7句中，it为形式主语。 2.由6句可知，不定式的否定式为not to do。由3句可知，不定式的被动式为to be done。由4句可知，不定式的完成式为to have done。 3.由9句可知，不定式在介词but后面时，如果but之前有行为动词do的各种形式，则介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to。 一、动词不定式 1．动词不定式的时态和语态 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done (1)不定式的一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时(几乎同时)发生或在谓语动词之后发生。 He asked me to help him with the task. 他让我帮他完成这项任务。 (2)不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词同时发生。 He is said to be studying abroad but I dont know which country it is. 据说他正在国外学习，但我不知道是哪个国家。 (3)不定式的完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 The engine just wont start.Something seems to have gone wrong with it. 发动机发动不起来了。似乎出问题了。 (4)不定式的被动式：当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用动词不定式的被动形式。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。 2．动词不定式的语法功能 (1)作主语 当不定式作主语时，表示一次具体的动作，并且常用it作形式主语，把不定式后置。 No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when its better to remain silent.无论你是多么健谈的人，有些时候保持沉默更好。 [名师点津]　 不定式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。 (2)作表语 ①不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 At college，Barack Obama didnt know that