范里安高级微观经济学(第三版)答案.docVIP

Answers to Exercises Microeconomic Analysis Third Edition Hal R. Varian University of California at Berkeley W. W. Norton Company ? New York ? London Copyright c 1992, 1984, 1978 by W. W. Norton Company, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America THIRD EDITION 0-393-96282-2 W. W. Norton Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110 W. W. Norton Ltd., 10 Coptic Street, London WC1A 1PU 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ANSWERS Chapter 1. Technology 1.1 False. There are many counterexamples. Consider the technology generated by a production function f (x) = x2. The production set is Y = {(y, ?x) : y ≤ x2} which is certainly not convex, but the input re- quirement set is V (y) = {x : x ≥ √y} which is a convex set. 1.2 It doesn’t change. 1.31= a and2= b. 1.4 Let y(t) = f(tx). Then dy dt  =  ∑n?f(x) ?xi  x i , so that  1 dy y dt  = i=1 1 f(x)  ∑n?f (x) ?xi  xi. 1.5 Substitute txifor i = 1, 2 to get i=1 1  1 f(tx1, tx2) = [(tx1)ρ+ (tx2)ρ]ρ = t[xρ1+ xρ2]ρ = tf (x1, x2). This implies that the CES function exhibits constant returns to scale and hence has an elasticity of scale of 1. 1.6 This is half true: if g0(x) 0, then the function must be strictly increasing, but the converse is not true. Consider, for example, the function g(x) = x3. This is strictly increasing, but g0(0) = 0. 1.7 Let f (x) = g(h(x)) and suppose that g(h(x)) = g(h(x0 )). Since g is monotonic, it follows that h(x) = h(x0 ). Now g(h(tx)) = g(th(x)) and g(h(tx0)) = g(th(x0 )) which gives us the required result. 1.8 A homothetic function can be written as g(h(x)) where h(x) is ho- mogeneous of degree 1. Hence the TRS of a homothetic function has the 2 ANSWERS form  g0(h(x)) ?h ?x1 g0(h(x)) ?h  =  ?h ?x1 ?h  . ?x2 ?x2 That is, the TRS of a homothetic function is just the TRS of the un- derlying homogeneous function. But we already know that the TRS of a homogeneous function has the required property. 1.9 Note that we can write [ ]1 1 (a1+ a2) ρ a1 a1+ a2 xρ1+ a2 a1+ a2 x