语言对比与翻译(3)词汇比较.pptVIP

语言对比与翻译（3） 词汇比较 介词 英语的Preposition，意为通常放在它作用的名词性成分之前，1）以引出动作对象，2）给行为、状态进行时间或空间定位，3）表达与行为动作关联的工具。 介词不充当句子成分，只表达语法关系。 Eg: Who is in goal for Manschester United? 谁为曼联队守门？ 1.英汉介词比较 英汉介词短语都能做状语、定语、补语。英语介词还可以单独做表语。 英语介词使用频率较高。英语造句几乎离不开介词，汉语则常常不用或省略介词。 Eg: a.The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside. 彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。 b. The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind. 当前，车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。 c. Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 英语介词的不同之处 （1）表达事物所处状态时，需介词引出 a. He soul was at peace. 他心里好受了。 b.Tracking a group of 49 dialysis patients, scientists found that they were mostly in good moods and just as happy as a healthy control group of 49. 通过对49名透析病人的跟踪调查，科学家发现这组病人大都精神良好，幸福感和控制组的49名健康人一样。 (2)引出动作对象作adj补语 They had to be aware of the consequence. 他们必须意识到这一后果。 b. The committee is responsible for carrying out the investigation. 该委员会负责调查。 (3)英语介词本身表达行为意义 He is in plain clothes. 他衣着朴素。 b. I remember him at a banquet on that night. 我记得那天晚上他参加了一个宴会。 c. Mike is at his computer, downloading an encyclopedia into his PDA. 麦克正在鼓捣电脑，把一部百科全书下载到他的笔记本里。 （4）be + of表示事物的属性 The Iraqi situation is of particular concern to refugee organizations. 伊拉克局势引起了难民机构的特别关注。 b. Manufacturing is of major importance to the Swiss. 制造业对瑞士人来说十分重要。 （5）英语介词短语可以后置，修饰名词短语 There was a Hispanic girl in special education because she just never learned to read. 有个西班牙女孩，她从没学会阅读，正在接受特殊教育。 b. If a protein appears or disappears completely, investigations can be focused on the protein in question. 如果一种蛋白质出现或完全消失了，研究工作就可以集中在这个有问题的蛋白质上。 2.英汉介词的翻译 （1）汉语不少介词是从动词转变而来，可做介词，可做动词，汉译英时要注意。 Eg: a1.他向我走来。 He came to me. a2.我一点也不是向着他们说话，我是为你。 It’s not them I’m thinking of but you. b1. 两年谈判，差不多一年多的时间是拖在归属和主权问题上，她没有让。 Of the two years of talks, more than a yea