核能利弊 中英文.docVIP

核能在新能源中的地位和作用 The role of nuclear energy in new energies 核能主要用于军事武器，核电和提供动力。 Nuclear energy is mainly used for making military weapons, producing nuclear power and providing power.  人们看好核能是因为传统化石能源储量有限，现在世界人口超过60亿，比19世纪增加了两倍多，能源消费增加了16倍，能源消费也不断增加，按照目前消费水平：石油还能够用46年，天然气还能够用65年，而煤炭也只够用200多年。而相对应的可再生资源，像水力，风能，潮汐能和太阳能，又因规模受到环境，季节，地理环境等条件的限制，而且现在的开发技术不足，很难得到充分利用。核能因为在地球中储量丰富，像海水中氘，有两千多亿顿，可用上千亿年，矿石中的铀能用2000多年。而且所释放的能量比全世界所有能量综合还要大上千万倍，被称为“无穷的能源”。 Because of the limitation of traditional fossil energy reserves, people pay great attention to nuclear energy. Now there are over 6 billion people in the world, which is more than three times of that in the 19th century. And there are more than 16-fold increase in energy consumption. According to the current consumption level, the oil will be used up in 46 years, natural gas will be used up in 65 years, and the coal is only enough for over 200 years. However, it is difficult to make full utilization of the corresponding renewable resources such as hydro, wind, tidal and solar energy in that the scales of them are limited by environmental, seasonal, and geographical conditions. Besides, the lack of development technology is also a problem. Nuclear energy is abundant in the Earth, for example, there are over two hundred billion tons of deuterium in sea water. It could be used for hundreds of billions of years if its great changes can be controlled. Uranium in ores can be used for more than 2,000 years. And the energies they release are million times of that of the integration of all worlds energy, which is known as the infinite energy. 下图是非污染能源的结构比例，其中核能占绝大部分，占百分之70，因此核能也被称为最安全最清洁，经济效益最高的电力资源。不过核能也是一把双刃剑。我们不会忘记发生在不久前的日本福岛核电站危机。不过看看下图“公众的电离辐射照射量”我们发现核电站还是非常安全的，不会对人体造成任何威胁。 The following diagram shows the structure proportion of non-polluting energies, in which nuclear energy accounts for most of it, namely 70 percent, so it is also called the most secure, cleanest, most cost-effective power resources. Bu