沉管隧道介绍(英文).pptVIP

ARE THERE ANY SPECIAL PROBLEMS ? Immersed tunnels are sometimes perceived by newcomers to the technology as difficult due to the presence of marine operations. In reality though, the technique is often less risky than bored tunnelling and construction can be better controlled. The marine operations, though unfamiliar to many, pose no particular difficulties. The perceived problems include: DREDGING Dredging technology has improved considerably in recent years, and it is now possible to remove a wide variety of material underwater without adverse effects on the environment of the waterway. INTERFERENCE WITH NAVIGATION Interference with navigation: On busy waterways, it is sometimes assumed that construction of an immersed tunnel would be impractical as it would interfere with shipping. In fact, such tunnels have been successfully built in some exceptionally busy waterways without undue problems. WATERTIGHTNESS It is often assumed that the process of building a tunnel in water, rather than boring through the ground beneath it will increase the likelihood of leakage. In fact, immersed tunnels are nearly always much drier than bored tunnels, due to the above-ground construction of the elements. Underwater joints depend on robust rubber seals which have proved effective in dozens of tunnels to date. A NEW DEVELOPMENT: THE SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL Traditional immersed tunnelling results in a tunnel buried beneath the waterway which it traverses. A new development- the submerged floating tunnel - consists of suspending a tunnel within the waterway, either by tethering a buoyant tunnel section to the bed of the waterway, or by suspending a heavier-than-water tunnel section from pontoons. This technique has not yet been realised, but one project, in Norway, is currently in the design phase. The submerged floating tunnel allows construction of a tunnel with a shallow alignment in extremely deep water, where alternatives are technically difficult or prohibitively expe