石块敷盖对纹沟间土壤冲蚀之影响-Core.pdf

中華水土保持學報, 40(2): 159-171 (2009) Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, 40 (2):159-171 (2009) 石塊敷蓋對紋溝間土壤沖蝕之影響 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 吳明峰 范正成 楊智翔 鍾宜全 楊文仁 摘 要 本文的主要目的在於探討石塊敷蓋率及敷蓋方式對紋溝間土壤沖蝕之影響機制。研 究中採集臺北縣林口鄉的紅土，取通過 2mm 顆粒，重模於特別設計之試驗箱，並依序以人工 降雨機模擬 40 mm·hr-1 及 60 mm·hr-1 降雨強度分別進行沖蝕試驗。試驗坡度固定為 20% 。 試驗之敷蓋率計有 0 、0.1 、0.2 、0.3 、0.45 及 0.6 共六種；敷蓋方式則有全部露出土壤表面 及半嵌入土壤表面兩種。試驗結果發現，土壤表面的石塊，無論完全露出或半嵌入土壤表面， 均具有降低紋溝間土壤沖蝕量之效果。其中又以石塊完全露出土壤表面之效果較佳，而且其原 因除了因為石塊完全露出時之滲透性較佳以致逕流量相對較低之故外，本研究亦探討其他可能 原因。此外，本研究建立了紋溝間土壤沖蝕率與石塊敷蓋率、降雨強度及石塊嵌入程度之關係 式，其判定係數達到 0.82 。 關鍵詞：土壤沖蝕、紋溝間、石塊、敷蓋率、敷蓋方式。 The Effects of Mulch of Rock Fragments on Interrill Soil Erosion Min-Fon Wu[1] Jen-Chen Fan[2] Chih-Hsiang Yang[3] Yi-Chuan Chung[4] Wen-Jen Yang[5] ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the rates and types of rock fragments used as mulch on the mechanism of interrill soil erosion. The soil used in the soil erosion tests was the lateritic soil from Lin-Kou, Taipei County. After being sieved, soil particles finer than 2mm were collected and used for the tests. Rainfall simulations were repeated on the soil samples at rainfall intensities of 40 and 60 mm·hr-1 continuously. Erosion pans and the rainfall simulator were specially designed and fabricated for this study. During the tests, the slope steepness of the erosion pans was kept at 20%. The erosion tests were repeated on soil samples at the mulch rates of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6, and on soil samples with the mulch of rock fragments completely exposed on the existing soil surface and half embedded