跨国企业与农产品国际贸易的产业组织.pptVIP

第九讲 跨国企业与农产品国际贸易的产业组织 中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院 曾寅初 Concentration in Agricultural Markets February 2002 Concentration in Agricultural Markets February 2002 Concentration in Agricultural Markets February 2002 Concentration in Agricultural Markets February 2002 Concentration in Agricultural Markets February 2002 Concentration in Agricultural Markets February 2002 Data in the table indicate four firms control over 40 percent of the processing of the major commodities produced. a few firms appear in the list of the top four processing firms for several commodities. For example, ConAgra is on the list of top four processing firms for beef, pork, turkeys and sheep, as well as seafood the vertical integration in the food system. For example, Cargill ranks in the top four firms producing animal feed, feeding cattle and processing cattle. working relationships between the dominant firms in the global food system understand the global food system, one must understand the operations of the major global firms such as Cargill, ADM, and ConAgra. Cargill has operations in 70 countries and is a privately held firm. The changing nature of the food system suggests that relationships among the firms are becoming much more complex and much more important. use the concept “cluster of firms” to represent these new economic arrangements the system is becoming much more complex starting with involvement in biotechnology, extending through production, and ending with highly processed food. these firms are developing a variety of different alliances with other players in the system Acquisition is still a common method of combining two or more firms, but mergers, joint ventures, partnerships, contracts, and less formalized relationships, such as agreements and side agreements, are also utilized food chain cluster The Cargill/Monsanto cluster ：They have a complete food chain, but they realize that very few clusters will survive so they continue to actively pursue other firms throu