十英语词汇的新发展.pptxVIP

第十单元 英语词汇的新发展;什么是新词 Neologisms 1. Some people think it an easy matter to create a new word for some new idea or new artifact without basing it on some preexisting word or part of a word, and it just was a purely arbitrary combination of letters, just like: Blurb Kodak Quark Tylenol; In the world of marketing, such creations generally are the result of massive commercial research efforts.; 2. Actually, most of the new words that even advertising experts come up with are derived from old words, just like: Aleve Lubriderm ;New words reflect our culture 1. As the American writer and editor Howard Rheingold says，“Finding a name for something is a way of conjuring its existence, of making it possible for people to see a pattern where they did not see something before.”So new words’most important job is to help us name or describe what is in the world.;2. If language describes the world, and if the world changes, then language must also change as a way of keeping up with the world. So each new word reflects something about the culture.; Here is the lexicographer Victoria Neufeldt on this neologism-as-cultural-reflection idea: The neologisms that especially capture our attention are indeed remarkable; some with their metaphorical baggage can constitute miniature sociological studies in themselves like McJob, for instance, which for comprehension depends on all the associations and connotations of the name McDonald’s, as well as an awareness of the difficulties of the current employment situation, in particular for new graduates wanting to enter the workforce.;Ⅱ. 新词研究 Research of new words 1. It is valuable to set off new words typographically so that we may reflect on the changes they signal. 2. However, lists of new words, by themselves, would be indigestible an unreadable. 3. Therefore Gozzi.R. has sorted these words into related categories and this technique contextualizes the new words, and