钟理环境工程专业英语unit7.docxVIP

Unit 7 Introduction to Environmental Chemistry of the Atmosphere The quality of the air that living organisms breathe, the nature and level of air pollutants, visibility and atmospheric aesthetics, and even climate are dependent upon chemical phenom-ena that occur in the atmosphere. 生物呼吸的空气质量，空气污染物的性质和水平，能见度和大气美学，甚至气候取决于发生在大气中的化学现象。 These, in turn are strongly tied to absorption of solar energy, interactions between the gas phase of the atmosphere and small solid particles suspended in it, and interchange of chemical species with the geosphere. 这反过来又与太阳能的吸收、大气中的气相与悬浮在大气中的小固体粒子之间的相互作用以及化学物种与地球圈的交换密切相关。 Chemical reactions in the atmosphere and the chemical nature of atmospheric chemical species are the topic of atmos-pheric chemistry, which is introduced in this text. 大气中的化学反应和大气化学物种的化学性质是大气化学的主题，本文对此作了介绍。 Chemistry in the atmosphere involves the unpolluted atmosphere, highly polluted atmospheres, and a wide range of gradations in between. 大气中的化学包括未污染的大气、高度污染的大气以及两者之间的各种级别。 The same general phenomena govern all and produce one huge atmospheric cycle, in which there are numerous subcycles. 同样的一般现象支配着所有的一切，并产生了一个巨大的大气周期，其中有许多次循环。 Gaseous atmospheric chemical species fall into the following somewhat arbitrary and overlapping classifications: inorganic oxides；oxidants；reductants；organics；photochemically active species；acids；salts；and unstable reactive species。 气态大气化学物种属于下列任意和重叠的分类：无机氧化物；氧化物；还原性物质；有机物；光化学活性物质；酸；盐和不稳定活性物质。 In addition, both solid and liquid particles play a strong role in atmospheric chemistry as sources and sinks for gas-phase species, as sites for surface reactions ( solid particles) , and as bodies for aqueous-phase reactions (liquid droplets)。 此外，固体和液体粒子作为气相物种的源和汇，作为表面反应的中心(固体粒子)和作为水相反应的物体(液滴)，在大气化学中都起着很强的作用。 Two constituents of most importance in atmospheric chemistry are radiant energy from the sun, predominantly in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and the hydroxyl radical, HO ? . 大气化学中影响最大的两个组分：太阳辐射能(主要在光谱的紫外线区)和羟基自由基(Ho·)。 The former provide