天津地区地表水中多环芳烃的生态风险-北京大学教务部.DOCVIP

Series of Selected Papers from Chun-Tsung Scholars,Peking University(2003) PAGE PAGE 158 天津地区地表水中多环芳烃的生态风险? ?基金项目：北京大学政基金，国家自然科学基金40024101）资助 作者简介：石璇（1982—），女，本科生；*通讯联系人 石璇 杨宇 徐福留 刘文新 陶澍（北京大学环境学院，地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室，北京100871） 摘 要:以天津地区46个水样中8种多环芳烃的监测浓度及其对6至38种水生生物的LC50为基础资料，用重叠面积和联合概率曲线两种概率风险评价的方法分析这些多环芳烃的生态风险。结果表明，所研究的化合物中蒽的风险最大。进一步，基于“等效系数”概念，计算各样点多环芳烃的等效总浓度，用概率风险评价方法分析了8种多环芳烃联合作用的总生态风险，并与风险商结果对比。结果显示，总生态风险显著高于任一多环芳烃的单独作用。计算采用的两种剂量－效应关系的不同假设对最终结果影响不大。 关键词：多环芳烃；生态风险；地表水；概率风险评价；水生生物 Ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water from Tianjin Shi Xuan,Yang Yu, Xu Fuliu, Liu Wenxin, Tao Shu (MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Analysis and Simulation, College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871) Abstract: Based on the observed concentrations of 46 samples of surface water from Tianjin and LC50 values of a number of aquatic organism, probabilistic risk approach was applied to address ecological risk of 8 PAHs to local aquatic ecosystem. Both joint probability curve and overlapping area of concentration and toxicity distribution were calculated for this purpose. The results indicated that the ecological risk of the individual PAHs was small with anthracene being the most toxic compound. The joint probability risk of the 8 PAHs was calculated based on the sum of equivalent concentrations derived from calculated equivalence factors and compared with conventional approach of hazard quotient. The joint risk was much higher than that of the individual compounds. The calculated risk was slightly influenced by the type of dose-response relationships. Keywords: PAHs; ecological risk; surface water; probability risk assessment, aquatic organism 多环芳烃对生物体的危害已得到广泛证实，其毒性多在光诱导条件下发生[1,2] 。虽然火山活动、火灾和生物合成等自然过程也会产生多环芳烃，但化石燃料燃烧无疑是环境中多环芳烃的最重要来源[1]。由于大量燃煤和其它工业污染，天津地区地表水体遭受多环芳烃严重污染[3]，这些污染必然导致对生态系统的威胁。 生态风险分析侧重生态系统水平的污染效应，是定量研究有毒污染物生态危害的重要手段[4]。目前用于风险分析的方法很多，既有简单的风险系数的计算[5]，也有基于概率意义的风险分析[6]。概率风险分析中最常见的方法是将表征化