比较教育学重点.docxVIP

Chapter 2 Major Theories in Comparative Education L Introduction Modernist Perspectives Stmctural-fiinctionalism vs? Marxism Similarities: Stem from common antecedents in the Western Enlightenment Era Differences: Structural-functionalism: envisions 展望 consensus 一致 and equilibrium 均衡 to be hallmarks 印记 of social intercourse 交流 and human progress, and sees stability 稳定性as natural and desirabl令人满意的e. Marxism: questions the possibility of consensus, critique the authenticity 真实,性 of apparent consensus, and assert that conflict rather than stability is the overriding 高 于 一切白勺 catalyst for social change. Postmodernist and Poststmcturalist Perspectives Deny rationalist explanations, challenge and question modernization Question the possibility of master narratives^ 大叙事 or encompassing theoretical arguments Focus on otherwise marginalized 边缘彳匕 alternative perspectives Reject predictability as goal for theory StmctuFal?functionalism Stability and equilibrium, being central within the structural-functionalist analysis, reflect the theorys identity as a consensus perspective. What is Stmctural?fiinctionalism Three Major Characteristics of StTiicturaI?fiinctionalism Unitary 统一的：Structural-functionalism^s identity as a consensus theory is built on the conviction that society is unitary and that the building and preservation of agreement is the prefeired and most powerful social force. Coherence 连贯寸生：not only as a unit unto itself but also in terms of the relationships that exist among its various elements. Social institutions are not just a collective of DeoplE but, mthei; an entity 实体 having clear purpose and potential to fulfill social needs, especially social solidarity. Stability: working towards harmony and its own self-preservation, and its own reliance on the motion of equilibrium as a fundamental trait of society, and social progress is predictably linea匚 Structural-functionalism is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work