薯类植物中的淀粉生物合成及关键酶starchbiosyn.pdfVIP

Botanical Research 植物学研究, 2013, 2, 24-33 /10.12677/br.2013.21005 Published Online January 2013 (/journal/br.html) Starch Biosynthesis and the Key Enzymes of Root and * Tuber Plants 1 1,2 1 1,2# Shanshan Zhao , Jun Yang , Wenzhi Zhou , Peng Zhang 1 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 2 Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Email: #zhangpeng@ Received: Oct. 8th th th , 2012; revised: Oct. 19 , 2012; accepted: Oct. 29 , 2012 Abstract: The tuber and root crops are rich in starch in their storage organs and provide important raw mate- rials not only for food and processed food, but also for modified starches and bioenergy. Starch is composed of two types of molecules, amylose and amylopectin. It can only be produced through biosynthetic pathway, a process that involves multiple enzymes of conserved functions in many crops, such as ADP-glucose phos- phorylase, starch synthases, starch branching enzymes and starch debranching enzymes. Here we review re- cent progresses in biological functions and mechanisms of these key enzymes in starch biosynthesis, includ- ing new identified enzymes such as starch phosphorylase and D-enzyme. Their features in amylose and amy-