《玉米秸秆吸附剂的制备》-毕业论文（设计）.doc

PAGE VII 毕业论文（设计）报告 题目：玉米秸秆吸附剂的制备 摘 要 中国是农业大国，也是秸秆资源最丰富的国家之一。据统计中国农作物秸秆年产量为7亿t左右，列世界之首，折合标准煤量3.53亿t，占全世界秸秆总量的30%左右。然而秸秆的利用率很低，除少数作为饲料利用外，大部分没有得到利用，在过去几年很多采用田边露天焚烧的办法，不仅白白浪费了能源，也污染了大气。因此，开发多种途径利用秸秆成为人们关注的热点。 本文以玉米秸杆为原料，用磷酸法作为活化剂硫酸作为添加剂制备生产活性炭。用单因素试验法考察了影响玉米秸杆活性炭产率性能的主要因素，包括活化剂与原料的比例、添加剂和活化剂的比例、活化时间、浸泡时间、活化温度，提出了制备玉米秸杆活性炭适宜的工艺条件。并分别用于甲基橙、罗丹明B的吸附测试并与市售活性炭进行对比。以玉米秸秆为原料，浸泡料液比例为1：2.5、浸泡时间12h、添加剂9%、磷酸60%、活化温度为400℃、活化时间45min制备最佳工艺，其活性炭产率达50%之余，对甲基橙吸附值达到国家标准的1.38倍，其动态实验显示，最大吸附值达到1300mL/g（亚甲基蓝10mg/L），较国内其他活性炭或者市售吸附性能优越，性能较好。 关 键 词：玉米秸秆，磷酸，吸附剂，活性炭  PREPARATION OF ABSORBENTS BASED ON CORN STALKS AND PERFORMANCE TESTING ABSTRACT China is a large agricultural country, is also one of the countries of the most abundant straw resources According to statistics, annual production of crop stalks is up to 700 million t in china, which is equivalent to 353 million t of standard coal, in the first place of the world. However, the utilization level of straw is very low. A small number was used as feed, most have not been used. In the past few years they were burned in the crops which wasted energy and polluted atmosphere. Therefore, the study on utilizing the straw in many ways becomes the focus of attention. The method of using phosphoric acid activation to prepare activated carbon from corn stalk was introduced in this papers．Some factors influencing on the adsorption property of activated carbon are investigated by orthogonal test. The factors are including the material-to-solution ratio、the proportion of the activation of the soaking agent and raw materials、the ratio of activators and additives、activation time、soaking time、activation temperature. In order to evaluate the commercial vale of products, the agricultural waste material activated carbons were used to test the adsorption of formaldehyde gas, methyl orange, rhodamine B adsorption test as compared to the commercial activated carbon.The material-to-solution ratio of 1/2.5，soaking time of 12hours，as H3PO4 concentratio