英美国家概况 chapter 12.pptxVIP

英语国家概况;Chapter 12;Contents;Ⅰ Education; As many people as possible should have access to as much education as they want an outcome of the American’s assertions (主张、断言、声明) about equality equality in education does not mean that everyone receives the same education The Child placed in a lower-ability group does not receive the same education as one placed in a higher-ability group; Producing a society of literacy and local control education governed by state and local governments, not by the national government; no national ministry of education each state has its own laws regulating education;Emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learning Scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive (构思、设计) new ways to understand what is already known; Learning is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation, analysis, and synthesis; The goal of education is to teach children how to learn and help them reach their maximum potential.;1. Ideals of American Education;2. Educational System;Elementary and secondary education—the basis of public education, free and compulsory, 12 grades One academic year—from September through June Different divisions of school systems: elementary school—one through eight high school—next four years elementary school—one through six junior high school—seven through nine senior high school—ten through twelve;Elementary education Courses—reading, arithmetic, language arts, science, social studies, music, art, and physical education Class size—20 to 30 students ;Secondary education Two stages: junior high school and senior high school Courses: more specialized—English, social studies, algebra, geometry, etc. Nine periods for a day: five for academic subjects one for physical education a lunch period two study periods visiting the library participating in extracurricular activity ;2.1 Elementary and Secondary Education;No annual college entrance examination; applicants are chosen on the basis