热力学习题选解.docxVIP

第一章 习题选解 5. 10mo 1理想气体由25°C、106Pa膨胀到25°C、105Pa,设过程为（1）自由膨胀；（2）对 抗恒外压l（^Pa膨胀；（3）定温可逆膨胀。分别计算以上各过程的Q、W、△U、AH AS △G、AAo 解：（1） △U=0； AH=0 W=0； Q=0 AS = nCn m\n — - nR\n — △S訥啜= 10X8.314“沪19121 AG=AH-TAS = -298X191.4=-57037 J AA = AU-TAS=-298X191.4=-57037 J 或 dG=-SdT+VdP AG=[vdP = nRT\n^ = -51037J J 片 dA=-SdT-PdV AA = -j PdV =-nRT\n-^ = nRT\n^ AA = -j PdV = -nRT\n-^ = nRT\n^ V. A =-57037J AU=0； AH=0 W=-Psu (V2—V1)nRT W=-Psu (V2—V1) nRT nRT V =-22298J AU=Q+W Q=-W = 22298 J AS = /?/?ln^- = 10x8.314xln^T = 191.4J-A：_1 TOC \o 1-5 \h \z P2 105 AG=AH-TAS = -298X 191.4=-57037 J AA = AU-TAS = -298X 191.4=一57037 J 或△ G=[vdP = nRT\n^ = -57037J J R c V p AA = -\ PdV = -nRTIn= nRT\n^ = -57037J AU=0； AH=0 W = -[ PdV = -nRT\nV2 = nRT\x\P1 = -57037J 」 V, A Q=-W = 57037 J AS = /?/?ln-5- = 10x8.314xln^- = 191.4J-/C1 P2 IO5 或△S=2 = ^^ = 191.41/ K7 T 298 AG = AH-TAS = -298X 191.4=—57037 J AA = AU-TAS = -298 X 191.4= -57037 J nRTln^=-57037J nRTln^ =-57037J r V P AA = -\ PdV = -nRT\n^ = nRT\n^ = -57037J J X 人 或△A = W=-57037J AG = AA + A(PV) =AA=-57037 J 27. 4mol理想气体从300K、，下，(1)定压加热到600K； (2)绝热可逆压缩2P ； (3) 绝热恒外压lOPa下膨胀到平衡。分别计算各过程的Q、W、△U、AH. AS. AG. AAo 已知此理想气体的 ￡(300K) = 150.0J- K[ ? mor1, C爲=30.0J ? ? moL。 解：(1) AU = nCV m(7； - 7；) = 4x (30.0 - 8.314) x (600 - 300) = 26023J AH = nCpm (7；-7；) = 4x 30.0 x (600 一 300) = 36000J Q=AH = 36000 J W = AU-Q=-9977 J 或 W=-P (V2-V|) =-nR (T2—T|) =-9977 J Qp= nCpm(T2-7；) = 4x30.0x(600 - 300) = 36000J △U=Q+W=26023 J △H = Qp=36000 J △S = nC △S = nCpm ln5- = 4x30.0xln— 7； 300 = 83.18 八 1 S2=S1 + AS=nSm°+AS=4X 150+83.18=683.18 J ? K1 AG = AH-A(T S) = AH-(T2 S2-T]Si)=-193908 J AA = AU-A(TS) = AU-(T2S2-T1S1)=-203885 J (2) Q=0； AS=0 T P T 2P Cn m ln^ = /?ln— 30xln-^ = 8.314xln^ “ 7； P} 300 P° T2 = 363.5 K \U = nCVm(T2 一7；) = 4x(30.0-8.314)x(363.5一300) = 5508J \H 二 nCpm(J2 一G 二 4x30.0x(363.5-300)二 7620J W = AU = 5508 J S2=S1=nSm=600J ? K1 AG = AH-A(TS)=AH-(T2 S2-T1S1)=-30480 J AA = AU-A(TS)=AU-(T2 S2-T|S])=-13542 J (3) Q=0 △u=w； 叫⑺-dM-%) n(Cpg - R）（—（竽凜） T2 = 2