家禽MHC结构研究进展.pdfVIP

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2012 6 , 34(6): 673―678 ISSN 0253-9772 综 述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2012.00673 家禽MHC 结构研究进展 武永淑, 韩凌霞 , , 150001 禽主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex, MHC) 的结构与禽病防控、禽免疫学、禽类 遗传学研究密切相关。文章对鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑、鸭和鹅的 MHC 结构方面的研究进展进行了综述, 表明其有以 下共同特点：都有保守的MHC 区域, 包括MHC I 基因和MHC II 基因及一些功能未知基因; 基因排列简单而 紧凑; MHC I 基因内含子的长度都比哺乳动物小; 鸡、火鸡、鸭和鹅的MHC I 基因组序列都有 8 个外显子和7 个内含子, MHC II β基因组序列都有6 个外显子和5 个内含子; 鸡、火鸡和鹌鹑的BG 基因结构模式相同; 都存 在微卫星重复单元。但也存在种属差异：鸡的MHC I 基因和MHC II 基因是双拷贝, 而鸭、鹅和鹌鹑有若干个 拷贝; BG 基因的拷贝数及其外显子数目不同。对主要家禽MHC 结构进行分析比较, 将有利于对禽病学及禽免 疫遗传学的进究。 家禽; MHC; 结构 Advance in research of poultry major histocompatibility complex- structure WU Yong-Shu, HAN Ling-Xia State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Laboratory Animal Research of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chi- nese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China Abstract: The structure of poultry major histocompatibility complex(MHC) is closely associated with avianim- munology and avian disease control. This review summaried the structures of poultry MHC, including chicken, turkey, duck, goose, and quail. It was suggested that there were some common characteristics among these MHCs: all of them have conservative MHC region containing MHC I, MHC II , and unknown functional genes; they are simple and contracted; the lengths of introns of MHC I gene are shorter than those of mammals; all have 8 exons and 7 introns in MHC I genes in chicken, turkey, duck, and goose; all have 6 exons and 5 introns in MHC II genes; the structure patterns of BG ge