激光切割中的超声速喷嘴辅助气体流场分析与结构改进.docVIP

机 械 工 程 学 报 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 第45卷第6期 2009年6月 Vol.45 No.6 Jun. 2009 DOI :10.3901/JME.2009.06.251 激光切割中的超声速喷嘴辅助气体流场 分析与结构改进 * 胡 俊 郭绍刚 邱明勇 姚振强 (上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院 上海 200240 摘要:激光切割过程的实现是高能激光束与辅助气体相互作用的结果,喷嘴内部形状及其产生的流场特征是影响激光切割质量和效率的关键因素之一。根据可压缩流体轴对称N-S 方程,采用结构网格和二阶精度的有限体积法,分析激光切割的超声速喷嘴辅助气体射流场结构与喷嘴喉部转角的关系,以及研究发散段长度对流场状态参数的影响规律,通过合理规划喉部转角与发散段长度,采用小斜线段代替复杂曲线,简化超声速喷嘴的结构。仿真结果表明,该结构喷嘴可以获得合理辅助气体出口参数与动力学性能良好的射流场结构。 关键词:超声速喷嘴 喉部 射流场 中图分类号:TG485 Analysis of Assistant Gas Flow Field and Structure Improvement of Supersonic Nozzle in Laser Cutting HU Jun GUO Shaogang QIU Mingyong YAO Zhenqiang (School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240 Abstract :The implementation of laser cutting is the interaction result of laser beam and assistant gas, so the inner shape of nozzles and their flow field is one of the key factors of affecting laser cutting quality and efficiency. Based on the axial symmetric N-S equation of compressible fluid, structure network and finite volume method with second order accuracy are adopted to analyze the relationship between the structure of jet flow field and the turning angle of throat section, and the influence of the length of divergence section on state parameters of flow field is studied. Through rationally planning the turning angle of throat section and the length of divergence section, short oblique line is used to replace the complex curve so as to simplify the structure of supersonic nozzle. The simulation results show that the improved nozzle can obtain a jet flow field with rational assistant gas outlet parameters and good dynamic performance. Key words :Supersonic nozzle Throat section Jet flow 0 前言 喷嘴是实现激光切割的重要部件,一般情况下喷嘴是激光束和辅助气体的排出通道,只有在少数 情况下激光束和辅助气体彼此分离[1-2], 喷嘴只担负排出辅助气体。切割过程的实现是高能激光束与辅助气体相互作用的结果,一方面高能光束使加工材料熔化甚至气化,另一方面辅助气体把熔融金属和 * 上海市科学技术发展基金光科技重大专项(05DZ22003和上海市科学技术发展基金登山计划(06DZ11418资助项目到初稿到修改稿 部分热量从切口中排出去。因此辅助气体不仅能提高加工能力,而且使热影响区限制在一个很小的范围内,保证了良好加工质量。可以说在激光切割的所有工艺参数中,辅助气体压