高级植物生理学植物钾营养分子生理.pptxVIP

第六章 植物钾营养分子生理;Why potassium is important ;1．钾离子是植物细胞中含量最丰富的阳离子之一。它的功能： K+能促进细胞内酶的活性。细胞内有50多种酶或完全依赖于K+ ，或受K+的激活，如丙酮酸激酶、谷胱合成酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶等能被K+激活。作用方式为：同其他一价阳离子都是通过诱导酶构象的改变，使酶得到活化，从而提高催化反应的速率。在某些情况下K+能增加酶对底物的亲和力。K+对膜结合ATP酶也有激活作用。;2.K+与蛋白质的合成有关。小麦胚芽中分离出的核糖体，合成蛋白质达到最佳速率时，其所需K+浓度为130mM。 3 ． K+可能参与tRNA与核糖体结合过程中的几个步骤。 ;Mineral nutrition of plants;Plants need elements other than C to grow and develop;Hydroponic growth facilitated the discovery of essential mineral nutrients;Main disadvantage of simple solution culture → as plant grows, it selectively depletes certain minerals When one becomes limiting, growth will slow significantly Can grow in vermiculite/perlite (inert, non-nutritive) and refertilize daily Commercially, it is often cheaper and easier to continuously bathe roots in a nutrient solution (nutrient film technique) Aerates Standard nutrient level maintained Continuous process monitoring To define “essential”, researchers need inert materials contributing low levels of nutrients (NO METAL PARTS!);There are 17 essential elements required for plant growth;The availability of some minerals to the plant for growth is dependent on environmental conditions;The absence of essential elements causes deficiency symptoms;Concept of critical concentration illustrated;Limiting nutrient levels negatively affect growth;Let’s briefly discuss cellular roles and deficiency symptoms for the big 3 essential elements;Phosphorus is the most limiting element in natural environments;Potassium is essential for controlling plant cell size;‘V’ shape comes forth along tip and margin of leaves. And brown spots appear on old leaves.;玉米缺钾症状;;Small leaves of Tobacco;Yellowing leaves of Cabbage when K defected;Etiolation from margin of leaf, some brown spots and white dry tissue on rape when potassium defected.;Small white spots appear on margin of old leaves;Leaves appear dark green, and tip and spots come forth on the margin leaves, which are brown and purple death tissue. Tender stem is thi