EbolavirusdiseaseEVD埃博拉出血热EbolaHaemorrhagic.PDF

Ebola virus disease （EVD） 埃博拉 出血热 Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever 北京地坛医院感染二科 蒋荣猛 概述：  埃博拉出血热 ( Ebola hemorrhagic fever, EHF) 是由 埃博拉病毒 (Ebola virus, EBV)引起的一种急性出血性 传染病。  人主要通过接触病人或感染动物的体液、排泄物、分泌 物等而感染，临床表现主要为发热、出血和多脏器损害。 历史  最早于1976年在苏丹和扎伊尔发现。 – 苏丹：1976年6-9月，发现284个感染者，117人死亡 – 扎伊尔：9-10月间共有318个病例，280人死亡。  1989年，在美国弗吉尼亚州的莱斯顿，检疫实验室在猕 猴身上分离出了埃博拉病毒的莱斯顿亚型。  1995年扎伊尔出现了大流行，315人感染，250余人死亡。 2009年：菲律宾  On 16 February 2009, the Government of Philippines announced that a slaughterhouse worker who has daily contact with pigs tested positive for antibodies against the Ebola Reston virus.  This brings to six, out of a total of 141 people, who have tested positive for Ebola Reston antibodies in the Philippines since testing began in December 2008. All six people who were antibody positive reported occupational exposure to pigs. 2011年：Ebola in Uganda  18 MAY 2011 - On 13 May 2011, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Uganda notified WHO of a case of Ebola Haemorrhagic fever in a 12 year old girl from Luwero district, central Uganda.  She was later referred to Bombo General Military Hospital where she died few hours after admission. 2012年：Ebola in Uganda  As of 24 September 2012, 51 cases (19 laboratory confirmed, 32 probable) with Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) have been reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Of these, 20 have been fatal (7 confirmed, 13 probable).  As of 28 November 2012, reported 7 cases (6 confirmed, 1 probable) with Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Luweero and Kampala districts. Of these cases, 4 died. 2012年：Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo  As of 24 October 2012, 52 cases (35 laboratory confirmed, 17 probable) with Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) have been reported in the