QuantumCryptography-精选课件(公开).pptVIP

Quantum Information Theory Quantum Information Theory (QIT) studies how information can be transmitted and processed when encoded on quantum states. New information applications are possible because of quantum features: communication complexity and computational speed-up, secure information transmission and quantum teleportation. The key resource for all these applications is quantum correlations, or entanglement. A pure state is entangled whenever it cannot be written in a product form: A mixed state is entangled whenever it cannot be obtained by mixing product states: Quantum Information Theory Quantum Superpositions Entanglement and Bell’s inequalities Entanglement and Bell’s inequalities Quantum Cryptography: a new form of security Standard Classical Cryptography schemes are based on computational security. Assumption: eavesdropper computational power is limited. Even with this assumption, the security is unproven. E.g.: factoring is believed to be a hard problem. Quantum computers sheds doubts on the long-term applicability of these schemes, e.g. Shor’s algorithm for efficient factorization. Quantum Cryptography: a new form of security Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) The Quantum Bit Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation The measurement process can modify the quantum state of the measured system. The no-cloning theorem There is no quantum operation that makes a perfect copy of any quantum state. The no-cloning theorem Basics of Quantum Cryptography BB84 (Bennett Brassard) BB84 (Bennett Brassard) BB84 (Bennett Brassard) Other protocols Other protocols Other protocols Ekert protocol Ekert protocol Entanglement vs Prepare Measure Entanglement vs Prepare Measure * Paraty, Quantum Information School, August 2007 Antonio Acín ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (Barcelona) www.icfo.es Quantum Cryptography Quantum Information Theory makes my life, as a physicist, much easier! Quantum Mechanics goes often against our classical intuition. Standard probability theo