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Fluid Mechanics 2010 CN Chapter 6 * 3) Higher derivatives: Developed flow in x-direction: Symmetrical flow about x-axis: 1 2 3 Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations for a laminar flow in a horizontal pipe (3) 6. Internal Flows Fluid Mechanics 2010 CN Chapter 6 * The x-component becomes: The left side of the equation depends only on r, the right one only on x. This means both sides are equal to a constant C and independent from each other. Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations for a laminar flow in a horizontal pipe (4) 6. Internal Flows The only volume force is gravity acting in opposite z-direction: hydrostatic pressure distribution Fluid Mechanics 2010 CN Chapter 6 * integrating the right side for an incompressible flow: Bernoulli Equation: For U1 = U2 and z1 = z2 Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations for a laminar flow in a horizontal pipe (5) 6. Internal Flows Only depended on x Fluid Mechanics 2010 CN Chapter 6 * integrating the left side to get the slope of the velocity profile: On the x-axis (r=0) the velocity profile has a peak:du/dr = 0 = C2 Minus sign : negative velocity gradient: the velocity decreases with increasing distance r from the axis. Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations for a laminar flow in a horizontal pipe (6) 6. Internal Flows (Still the right side) Fluid Mechanics 2010 CN Chapter 6 * integrating to get the velocity profile: Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations for a laminar flow in a horizontal pipe (7) 6. Internal Flows Parabolic velocity profile Applying the Navier-Stokes equations to the laminar horizontal pipe flow gives the same result as the Hagen-Poiseuille Law! Fluid Mechanics 2010 CN Chapter 6 * Recall right side of N.S. equation: Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations for a laminar flow in a horizontal pipe (7a) 6. Internal Flows Fluid Mechanics 2010 CN Chapter 6 * 6.3.3 Some characteristic quantities of the laminar, developed flow in a circular pipe (Hagen-Poisseuille Flow) Fluid Mechanics 2010 CN Chapter 6 * Volume flux of a lami