等氮条件下化学肥料与有机肥连续大量施用下的环境风险.pdf

等氮条件下化学肥料与有机肥连续大量施用下的环境风险.pdf

- 生态与农村环境学报  2017, 33 (5):440 445   Journal of Ecology andRural Environment 等氮条件下化学肥料与有机肥连续大量施用下的环境风险 田  伟, 李  刚, 陈秋会, 王  超, 张  弛, 刘明庆, 王  磊, 席运官①  (环境保护部南京环境科学研究所/ 环境保护部有机食品发展中心, 江苏 南京  210042) 摘要: 在充分调研当地农民小麦和水稻化学肥料施用量的基础上,确定等氮条件下有机肥的施用量,开展了3 a 共6季的稻麦轮作田间试验,并采集了第3年水稻收获后耕作层(0~25 cm)土壤样品进行分析。 结果表明:与对 照(CK)相比,等氮条件下化学肥料(CF)和有机肥料(CP)的连续大量施用均可能引起环境风险。 化学肥料易引 起土壤酸化和硝酸盐的大量累积,而有机肥则导致土壤中磷和重金属(Zn、Cu、Cd 和Ni)含量显著增加;另外,CF 和CP处理均引起土壤微生物量碳含量/ 有机碳含量(SMBC/ SOC)比值和生物量氮含量/ 总氮含量(SMBN/ TN)比 值及细菌多样性的下降,对土壤中病原微生物则无显著影响。 关键词: 有机肥; 大量施用; 环境风险 - - - 中图分类号: X53    文献标志码: A    文章编号: 1673 4831(2017)05 0440 06 - DOI: 10.11934/ j.issn.1673 4831.2017.05.008 Environmental Risk Caused by Successive and Heavy Application of Mineral Fertilizer and Compost With the Same Amount of Nitrogen Applied. TIAN Wei,LI Gang,CHEN Qiu⁃hui,WANG Chao,ZHANG Chi,LIUMing⁃qing, WANGLei,XI Yun⁃guan (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Environmental Protection/ Organic Food Development Center,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Nanjing 210042,China) Abstract: Theenvironmentalriskcausedby successiveandheavyapplicationofmineralfertilizerhasattractedwideatten⁃ tion,but scarce for that of compost.After fully investigation of the local fertilization rate of mineral fertilizer in winter wheat⁃rice cropping system, the dose of compost applied was determined according to the amount of total nitrogen contained in mineralfertilizers,anda3⁃year (atotalof six seasons)fieldexperimentwascarriedouttostudytheenviron⁃ mental risk derivedfromcompost heavy application. Soil sampleswereanalyzedafterthethirdyear of riceharvestedof the - plough la

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