胸部局部解剖和实际操作的人体局解剖学.ppt

左锁骨下动脉Left subclavian artery 解剖与观察 左、右膈神经　left and right phreric nerve 解剖与观察 解剖与观察 左迷走神经　left vagus nerve 左喉返神经Left recurrent laryngeal nerve 解剖与观察 动脉韧带 arterial ligament 解剖与观察 右膈神经、右迷走神经 和右喉返神经 解剖与观察 解剖气管颈部、主支气管和隆凸下淋巴结。 解剖与观察 The End 主动脉弓前方：有胸腺 thymus(3) and 左 左头臂静脉left brachiocephalicvein(2). The Relationships of the Aortic Arch The Relationships of the Aortic Arch Superiorly, the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. Anteriorly, thymus and the left brachiocephalicvein. The anterior and left surfaces of the arch : the left phrenic and left vagus nerves. The right surface of the arch :the superior vena cava. Posterior to the arch : the trachea, esophagus, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, thoracic duct and deep cardiac plexus. The inferior surface of the arch :the bifurcation of pulmonary trunk, left principal bronchus, arterial ligament, left recurrent laryngeal nerve and the superficial cardiac plexus. 解剖与观察Dissection and Observation 断离胸锁关节：锯断或用刀离断胸锁关节， 注意保护深部结构。 解剖肋间肌Dissect the intercostal muscle 肋间外肌 external intercostal muscles 肋间外膜 External intercostal membranes 解剖与观察 肋间内肌 internal intercostal muscles 解剖与观察 肋间神经 intercostal nerve 肋间最内肌Innermost intercostal muscles 解剖与观察 Cut through the 2nd to 10th ribs at the the midaxillary line. 翻开胸前壁 Reflect the anterior chest wall downwards by separating the ribs from the parietal pleura and the pericardium. 胸前壁内面观 胸横肌 Transverse thoracic muscle 胸廓内动、静脉 Internal thoracic artery and vein 腹壁上动脉superior epigastric artery 肌膈动脉musculophrenic artery 解剖与观察 the costal pleura.肋胸膜 观察 The two pleural cavities are separate compartments and not continuous with each other.左右胸膜腔是互不相通的各自独立 的腔隙。 观察 Observe the costomediastinal recess.观察肋纵隔窦。 观察 Observe the costodiaphragmatic recess.观察肋膈隐窝。 观察 Cut through the root of left lung from above downwards close to the hilum of lung. 切肺取肺 Observe the costal pleura.观察肋胸膜 观察 Observe the diaphragmatic pleura.观察膈胸膜 观察 Observe