操作系统2.进程(Processes)和线程(Threads).PDF

操作系统 2. 进程 (Processes) 和 线程(Threads) 任课教师：熊焰、⻩⽂超 进程是什么? 需求 • ⽭盾： • 需要在⼀台电脑上“同时”执⾏多个任务 • 但⼀个CPU同⼀时刻只能⼀个任务 • 如果让⽤户⾃⼰去切换任务，太难 进程是什么? • 进程是程序执⾏时的⼀个实例 • A process is just an instance of an executing program • 它包括 • 程序计数器(Program Counter, PC) • 寄存器(Registers) • 相关的变量(Variables) • 所以，看起来，每个进程都拥有⼀个虚拟的CPU 进程是什么? SEC. 2.1 PROCESSES 87 进程的简单切换 a long enough time interval, all the processes have made progress, but at any giv en instant only one process is actually running. One program counter Four program counters Process A switch s D B s e c C o r P C A B C D B A D Time (a) (b) (c) Figure 2-1. (a) Multiprogramming four programs. (b) Conceptual model of four independent, sequential processes. (c) Only one program is active at once. In this chapter, we will assume there is only one CPU. Increasingly, howev e