英语应用文写作2[1].ppt

Lecture 4; Outline; About Diction;1.用词多样化（主要是同义词） 用词多样化在一定层面上体现了学习者的词汇量的大小，如果文章单词重复率太高，句子就无法生动的表意，文章会显得单调乏味，达不到预期的效果。例如下文： Today it can be said that wheels run America.The four rubber tires of the automobile move America through work and play. Wheels spin,and people drive off to their jobs.Tires turn, and people shop for week’s food at the big supermarket down the highway.Hubcups whirls, and the whole family spend a day at the lake. Each year ,more wheels crowd the highways as 10 milllion new cars roll out of the factories. One out of every six Americans works at assembling cars, driving trucks, building roads,or pumping gas. America without cars? it is unthinkable.;2. 词的搭配 在写作中，任何一个完整的句子几乎都离不开正确的措词，尤其是选择正确的搭配。掌握正确的搭配，会使英语的使用更加地道，意义简洁，交流形式多样。例如， take a nap; take action; take a rest; distance learning; make an arrangement; grey –collar worker; strong wine; start the car; a chain smoker; bubble economy; staff only!; checkout time.(退房时间）valid date(有效日期）； one way street; top 500; blue film;3. 习语（idioms） 英语习语是以英语为母语者每天 流行用的精髓语言，其含义不能通过字面意思猜测出来，但是恰当的在写作中使用习语会达到事半功倍的效果。例如， Spring up like mushroom. A rolling stone gathers no moss. To be on the thin ice. A nine days’ wonder;(昙花一现0 Cold war; Trojan Horse; Black sheep; narrow escape; variety Synonym(同义词）; 在构成同义词的一组词中，有一个词是其他同义词的基本意义，这个词叫主导同义词（dominant synonym) Eg. To lookto stareto gazeto peep To maketo produceto creatto manufacture To laughto grinto giggleto chuckle 同义词不但存在于但个单词间，还存在于词与成语（idiom）之间，成语与成语之间。 Eg. Finallyat length ; immediatelyat once rememberbear in mind; depresslet dowm requirecall for; figure out work out to pass away to kick the bucket in a thousand and one ways by hook or by crook(千方百计） ;2. 同义词的辨析 ⅰ 细微的语义差别 语义差别主要指同义词之间概念意义上的区别，例如， discuss, argue, debate, dispute We discussed when to go. （为了弄清问题而交换意见)。 You can not argue a man into liking a glass of b