Demand and Supply Elasticity需求及供应弹性.pptVIP

new total revenue 新的總收益 P Q 0 D original total revenue 原本的總收益 P Q 0 D decrease in revenue 減少的收益 increase in revenue 新增的收益 P Q 0 D If demand is relatively elastic, when price decreases and quantity increases, decreases in revenue is smaller than increase in revenue. Total revenue increases. 如果需求是相對具彈性， 當價格增加而數量減少， 減少的收益會少於新增的收益， 總收益會增加。 Price decreases, quantity increases. 價格減少，數量增加。 For the case with : Relatively Inelastic Demand 相對欠彈性的需求 If the demand curve is a straight line, the elasticity of demand at various points on the demand curve will have a special pattern. 如果需求曲線是一條直線，在需求曲線上各點的需求彈生，會一個特別的模式。 Ed = ? Ed 1 Ed = 1 Ed 1 Ed = 0 Mid-point D P Q 0 Number of Substitutes 代替品的數目 Degree of Necessity 必需的程度 Habit of Consumers 消費者的習慣 Time for Adjusting Consumption 調整消費的時間 Factors Affecting the Elasticity of Demand 影響需求彈性的因素 Elasticity of demand can affect the amount of tax shared by consumers and producers. 需求彈性可以影響由消費者負擔的稅額和生產者負擔的稅額。 Elasticity of Demand and Tax Burden 需求彈性和稅額負擔 total tax paid by producers 生產者支付的總稅額 total tax paid by consumers 消費者支付的總稅額 Q1 P1 Po Qo S1 P Q 0 unit tax 單位稅 D S0 If demand is inelastic, equilibrium price increases greatly. Consumers share a greater tax burden. Producers share a smaller tax burden. 如果需求欠彈性，均衡價格大幅增加，消費者要負擔較大量稅額，生產者負擔較少量稅額。 total tax paid by producers 生產者支付的總稅額 total tax paid by consumers 消費者支付的總稅額 Q1 P1 D S0 S1 Po Qo unit tax 單位稅 P Q 0 If demand is elastic, equilibrium price increases slightly. Consumers share a smaller tax burden. Producers share a greater tax burden. 如果需求具彈性，均衡價格輕微增加，消費者負擔較少量稅額，生產者要負擔較大量稅額。 Total revenue means the amount of money obtained by producers. 總收益是指生產者獲得的總金額。 Elasticity of Demand and Total Revenue 需求彈性和總收益 It is the same as the total expenditure paid by consumers or the total market value of the goods transacted. 這相等於消費者支付的總支出 或 產品交易的總市場價值。 Total Revenue 總收益 Price 價格 Quantity 數量 x = P Q 0 D S total revenue總收益 If price and quantity change, total revenue will also change. 如果價格和數量轉變，總收益亦會轉變。