真核细胞内膜系统的蛋白质分选和膜泡运输.ppt

* Targeting of soluble lysosomal enzymes to endosomes and lysosomes by M-6-P tag * * * * * （二）Rabs蛋白促进和调节运输小泡的停泊 Rabs结合GTP激活，调节SNAREs复合体的形成。 Rabs与靶膜上的效应因子（effector）结合介导膜泡停泊。 四、膜泡运输的定向机制 Rabs in docking Ruth N. Collins Joshua ZimmerbergNature 459, 1065-1066(25 June 2009) Ohya et al.2 show that two protein systems, a Rab GTPase (Rab5) and the SNARE proteins, combine synergistically to drive endosomal fusion. Rab5 and SNAREs are assisted by multiple accessory factors. Rab5 effectors include rabankyrin-5, rabenosyn-5, rabaptin, rabex-5 and EEA1. SNARE accessory factors include -SNAP, NSF and hVPS45. Not shown are the Rab–GDI complex (which retains Rab5 in the cytoplasm by masking its prenyl group), as this component is thought to function at an earlier stage, and another Rab5 effector, PI(3)K, which is instead represented by its lipid product PI(3)P. The complexity of the interactions observed in this supramolecular network is apparent; the recruitment of Rab5 effectors is stabilized by SNARE proteins and SNARE-protein accessory factors. For example, the Rab5 effector rabenosyn-5 also interacts with the SNARE accessory factor hVPS45. Linker proteins such as PRA1 bind to both Rabs and SNAREs. 思考题 一、名词解释： 1. 信号识别颗粒 2. 细胞质基质 3. 细胞内膜系统 4. 信号序列 5. 蛋白质分选 二、内膜系统包括哪几部分？列为一个系统的根据是什么？ 三、简述溶酶体在细胞内的合成，修饰直至转到初级溶酶体中的过程与可能的机制。 四、膜泡的类型和运输路径？ 五、蛋白质糖基化的基本类型？ 信号肽：指导分泌性蛋白在粗面内质网上合成 存在于分泌性蛋白质一级结构上的线性序列，通常16-26个（15-35个） 个氨基酸残基，其中含有4-12个疏水残基，有些在完成蛋白质的定向转移后被信号肽酶（signal peptidase）切除。 信号肽一级序列由疏水核心（h）、C端（c）和N端（n）三个区域构成。 信号识别颗粒（signal-recognition particle，SRP) SRP comprises one 300-nucleotide RNA and six proteins designated P9, P14, P19, P54, P68, and P72. (The number indicates the molecular weight x 10-3 ). 转位子（ Translocon) translocon: a set of transmembrane proteins TRAM(translocating chain-associated membrane protein), is essential for the protein translocation. Sec 61p(yeast sec61) * * 糖分子首先被糖基转移酶（glycosyltranferase）转移到膜上的磷酸多萜醇（dolichol phosphate，20个以上异戊二烯单位组成的疏水膜嵌合分子）分子上，装配成寡糖链。 再被寡糖