定语从句培优资料(讲义设计和练习题).docVIP

PAGE PAGE 10 定语从句 一、定语从句的三个概念 1. 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引出定语从句的词叫关系词。 二、引导定语从句的关联词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as, 关系副词：when, where，why ?关系代词 ?在句子中的作用 ?指代作用 ?that ?主语、宾语或表语 ?指人或指物 ?who 主语、宾语（口语或非正式文体）或表语 指人（可与that 互换） ?whom ?宾语（动宾或介宾） 指人? ?whose ?定语 ?指人或指物 ?which ?主语或宾语 ?指物（有时可与that 互换） ?关系副词 ?在句子中的 作用 指代（代替功能） ?When (on\in\during which) ?时间状语 ?时间名词 Where (in\at which) ?地点状语 地点名词 why(for which) ?原因状语 指代原因 三、关系代词的句法功能及指代功能 关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职： ①连接主从句的纽带、 ②指代先行词、 ③在从句中充当某种句子成分。 现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下： ?指代功能 在从句中的作用 指代人 指代物 指代人或物 主语 who ?which ?that 宾语 ?whom / who ?which ?that 定语 ?whose (=of whom) ?whose (=of which) ? 四、定语从句的位置 1.定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。 e.g. This is the car (which he bought last year.) 定语从句关系代词先行词 定语从句 关系代词 先行词 合并成定从：Do you know the doctor? He spoke just now. ______________________________________________________________________________ 五、各关系代词的用法说 1.who指人, 在从句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可省略。 e.g. The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 合并成定从：The person is Mr. Huang. You just talked to him. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2.whom指人, 在从句中作宾语, 可省略。 e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel? 合并成定从：The girl is from America. I called her just now. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。 Whose可换成the+名词+of whom/which e.g. That’s the man whose house was burned down. = That’s the man the house of whom was burned down. 合并成定从：The girl got first. Her father had given us a report. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.which 指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。 e.g. I’m not interested in the book which has just been published. 合并成定从:I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. _______________________________________________________________________________ I showed him the letter. I received it this morning. _____