江苏省各地2020届高三上学期期中英语试卷精选汇编：任务型阅读专题.docVIP

任务型阅读 苏州市 第五部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 请认真阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的 单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。 When times are tough, how should governments in poor countries ensure their citizens remain fed? In the past, most of them used subsidies （现金补助）to keep food prices low for all their citizens. But these policies have become ineffective: the cost of maintaining Egypts food subsidies, for instance, nearly doubled between 2009 and 2013. And much of the money goes to the wrong people. In Egypt and the Philippines less than 20% of spending on food subsidies goes to poor households. In the Middle East and North Africa only 35% of subsidies reach 40% of the poorest, the IMF notes. Motivated by a desire to control growing budget deficits （赤字），many countries are replacing broad subsidies with policies aimed more directly at the needy. But what form should the targeted aid take? Earlier this month Iran introduced free handouts of food to replace its subsidy method. Other countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, have chosen instead to provide extra cash benefits to the poor. So far, food vouchers （代金券）have been the least popular option. Proposals to introduce food vouchers in such countries as Malaysia have been rejected on the basis that they were too American and un-Asian. However, the researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute （(IFPRI）) thought that might have been a mistake and analyzed the results of an experiment conducted by the World Food Programme in Ecuador, a South American country, in 2011, which compared handouts of food, cash and vouchers in the experiment. The study found that direct handouts— Irans new policy一were the least effective option. They cost three times as much as vouchers to promote calorie intake by 15%, and were four times as costly as a way of increasing dietary diversity and quality. Distribution costs were high, and wastage was also a problem. Only 63% of the food given away was actually eaten, while 83% of t