第3章：OSI层次：数据链路层_2015简化版.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Othogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: 正交频分复用 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Bridge Segmentation of a Collision Domain Ethernet LANs that use a bridge for segmenting the LAN provide more bandwidth per user because there are fewer users on the segment. Bridges pass on data frames regardless of which Layer 3 protocol is used. Bridges increase the latency (delay) in a network by 10 to 30 percent because of the decision making that is required. A bridge is considered a store-and-forward device because it must receive the entire frame and verify the cyclic redundancy check before forwarding can take place Switch Segmentation of a Collision Domain Switches are significantly faster because they switch in hardware, while bridges switch in software. A 10 Mbps Ethernet LAN and a 100 Mbps Ethernet LAN can be connected by using a switch. In a switched Ethernet implementation, the available bandwidth can reach close to 100 percent. Shared Ethernet networks perform best when kept to less than 30 to 40 percent of full capacity because of CSMA/CD. Some switches support cut-through switching, which reduces latency and delays, while bridges only support store-and-forward switching. Router Segmentation of a Collision Domain Router can create the highest level of segmentation: Create smaller collision domains Create smaller broadcast domains: routers do not forward broadcasts unless programmed to do so. Routers accomplish forwarding of packets by examining the destination logical address on the data packet and then looking in its routing table for forwarding instructions Because routers perform more functions than bridges, they operate with a higher rate of latency. Routers can work as gateway: be used to connect different networking media and different LAN technologies * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ethernet Media Access Control ——CSMA/CD: History non-persist CSMA : Hosts always can send the data (have the prob