六细菌细胞结构复习课程.pptVIP

六、、细菌细胞结构;Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a typical procaryotic cell. Minimally, a procaryote is composed of a cell wall and plasma membrane that surrounds its cytoplasm containing a chromosome, ribosomes, enzymes, several classes of RNA, and small molecules (precursors). ;（一）细胞壁cell wall:;Figure 3 - Electron micrograph of a G+ cell wall. ;Gram Positive;Gram Negative;;;Figure 5 - A comparison of L and D amino acids. Note that while the structure is identical, it is impossible to superimpose them.;肽聚糖网格状结构; NAG 与 NAM 残基以?-1,4糖苷键交替连接，形成聚糖的骨架（主链）； 一组相同的短肽侧链接于NAM上； 相连主链上的短肽侧链通过一条肽桥、或直接相连，从而形成网状分子结构。;Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the peptidoglycan sheet of Staphylococcus aureus. G = N-acetyl-glucosamine; M = N-acetyl-muramic acid; L-ala = L-alanine; D-ala = D-alanine; D-glu = D-glutamic acid; L-lys = L-lysine. This is one type of murein found in Gram-positive bacteria. Compared to the E. coli peptidoglycan (Figure 7) there is L-lys in place of DAP (diaminopimelic acid) in the tetrapeptide. The free amino group of L-lys is substituted with a glycine pentapeptide (gly-gly-gly-gly-gly-) which then becomes an interpeptide bridge forming a link with a carboxy group from D-ala in an adjacent tetrapeptide side chain. Gram-positive peptidoglycans differ from species to species, mainly in regards to the amino acids in the third position of the tetrapeptide side chain and in the amino acid composition of the interpeptide bridge. ;肽聚糖的特点:;革兰氏阳性细菌与阴性细菌肽桥的类型