pt入职培训解剖学与人体运动学.pptxVIP

Anatomical Position解剖学位置Ch 3 - 1/2010矢状面 Sagittal 冠状面 Frontal 水平面 HorizontalCh 3 - 1/2010General Joint Action Terms常用关节动作术语屈曲—关节角度变小 (多数屈曲动作是向前的 除了膝关节) Flexion—characterized by the joint angle diminishing (most flexion movements are forwards, except for the knee joint)伸展—屈曲的相反动作; 关节角度增大 Extension—return from flexion; joint angle increases外展—远离身体中心线的运动 Abduction—movement away from the midline of the body内收—接近身体中心线的运动 Adduction—movement toward the midline of the body旋转—绕轴的运动 Rotation—movement around an axis环旋—环绕 360°的运动 Circumduction—movement in a 360° circleCh 3 - 1/20101. 肩屈曲 Shoulder Flexion2. 肩伸展 Shoulder Extension3. 肩外展 Shoulder Abduction4. 肩内收 Shoulder Adduction5. 肩水平内收 (或屈曲) Shoulder Horizontal Adduction (or Flexion)6. 肩水平外展 (或伸展) Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (or Extension)7. 肩内旋 Shoulder Internal Rotation8. 肩外旋 Shoulder External Rotation9. 肩环旋 Shoulder CircumductionCh 3 - 1/2010Shoulder (Gleno-humeral) Joint Actions肩关节动作(浅窝－肱骨) Shoulder Girdle (Scapular) Actions　肩胛动作肩胛上提 Scapular Elevation肩胛下压 Scapular Depression肩胛缩回 Scapular Retraction (内收) (Adduction)肩胛前引 Scapular Protraction (外展) (Abduction)肩胛上旋 Scapular Upward Rotation肩胛下旋 Scapular Downward Rotation肩胛上斜 Scapular Upward Tilt肩胛下斜 Scapular Reduction of Upward TiltCh 3 - 1/2010 The Spine脊柱Flexion屈曲Extension伸展Rotation旋转Lateral Flexion侧屈Cervical 颈椎Thoracic 胸椎Lumba 腰椎Sacrum 骶骨；荐骨Coccyx 尾骨Ch 3 - 1/2010Pelvis骨盆* Anterior pelvic tilt骨盆前倾* Posterior pelvic tilt骨盆后倾* Lateral pelvic tilt骨盆侧倾Hip Joint髋关节1. Hip flexion髋屈曲2. Hip extension髋伸展3. Hip abduction髋外展4. Hip adduction款内收5. Hip horizontal adduction (flexion) 髋水平内收（屈曲）6. Hip horizontal abduction (extension) 髋水平外展（伸展）7. Hip internal rotation 髋内旋8. Hip external rotation髋外旋9. Hip circumduction髋环旋Ch 3 - 1/2010Knee Joint膝关节* Flexion屈曲* Extension伸展Ch 3 - 1/2010Ankle Joint踝关节Dorsiflexion 足背屈Plantarflexion 足跖屈Eversion 外翻Inversion 内翻Ch 3 - 1/2010Six (6) Major Upper Body Muscle Groups:6组上身主要的肌肉群：1. Biceps—elbow flexion肱二头肌：肘屈曲2. Triceps—elbow extension肱三头肌：肘伸展