英语国家概况--谢福之-复习资料.pdfVIP

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Geography, People and Language 全名 : the United Kingdom of Great Britain （大不列颠联合王国） and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰） . 由成千上万的小岛组成（ the British Isles）. 两大岛屿： Great Britain （大不列颠） and Ireland （爱尔兰） The River Thames (second longest and most important), originates （起源于） in southwestern England North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh 爱丁堡 ) important river:Clyde River kilts （苏克兰小短裙） Wales( Cardiff 加迪夫，著名港口 ). The Severn River is the longest river of Britainflow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast 贝尔法斯特，首府 ) Lough Neaghthe largest lake in the British Isles. Climate : temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation( 降雨量 ) ， 冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛 Three major features : winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定 LondonBuckingham Palace （白金汉宫） , Guildhall ( 市政厅 ), St. Paul’s Cathedral （圣保罗大教堂） , The Tower Bridge of London （伦敦塔桥） The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe. 大部分的人口是盎格鲁 -撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人 Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people 威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人 English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系 Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group. 日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。英 语从西日耳曼语中发展。 1、 Old English : was influenced by Old Norse spoken by the Vikings and was related to the German and Dutch languages. 受古代维京人所说的古斯坎德纳威亚语影像并和德语法语密切相关 . was ended with the Norman Conquest, when the language was influence by the French-speaking Normans.古英语时代结束于说法语的诺曼人的征服 2、 Middle English: Wi