土木工程专业英语课文_翻译_考试必备.pdf

土木工程专业英语课文 _翻译 _考试必备 土木工程专业英语课文 翻译 The principal construction materials of earlier times were wood and masonry brick, stone, or tile, and similar materials. The courses or layers were bound together with mortar or bitumen, a tar like substance, or some other binding agent. The Greeks and Romans sometimes used iron rods or claps to strengthen their building. The columns of the Parthenon in Athens, for example, have holes drilled in them for iron bars that have now rusted away. The Romans also used a natural cement called puzzling, made from volcanic ash, that became as hard as stone under water. 早期时代的主要施工材料，木材和砌体砖，石，或瓷砖，和类似的材料。这些 课程或层密切联系在一起，用砂浆或沥青，焦油一个样物质，或其他一些有约束力 的代理人。希腊人和罗马人有时用铁棍或拍手以加强其建设。在雅典的帕台农神庙 列，例如，在他们的铁钻的酒吧现在已经生锈了孔。罗马人还使用了天然水泥称为 令人费解的，由火山灰制成，变得像石头一样坚硬在水中。 Both steel and cement, the two most important construction materials of modern times, were introduced in the nineteenth century. Steel, basically an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon had been made up to that time by a laborious process that restricted it to such special uses as sword blades. After the invention of the Bessemer process in 1856, steel was available in large quantities at low prices. The enormous advantage of steel is its tensile force which, as we have seen, tends to pull apart many materials. New alloys have further, which is a tendency for it to weaken as a result of continual changes in stress. 钢铁和水泥，两个最重要的现代建筑材料，介绍了在十九世纪。钢，铁，基本 上是少量的碳合金已作出了这一由一个艰苦的过程，限制它的刀刃等特殊用途的时 间。后在 1856 年发明贝塞麦过程，钢在低价格大批量供货。钢铁的巨大优势是它 的拉伸力，正如我们所看到的，往往会拉开许多材料。新合金进一步，这是一个趋 势，它削弱了在压力不断变化的结果。 Modern cement, called Portland cement, was invented in 1824. It is a mixture of limestone and clay, which is heated and then ground into a power. It is mixed at or near the construction site with sand, aggregate small stones, crushed rock, or gravel, and water to make concrete. Different proportions of the ingre