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Hypersensitivity;The Big Bang Theory; Hypersensitivity （allergy）
Hypersensitivity is an inappropriate immune response, which is heightened reactivity to an antigen, such response lead to tissue damage, immunopathology. The various hypersensitivity states were classified into I through IV types by Gell and Coombs. Type I, II and III reactions are mediated by antibodies, whereas type IV reactions are mediated by T cells.;I. Type I hypersensitivity（anaphylaxis）;Plane tree;Castor-oil plant;Dust mite;（2）Ig E antibody and IgE receptor;Levels of Ig E and atopic diseases; IgE and IgE receptors
IgE----Fc ?RI (ITAM) ;（3）Cells;;Light photomicrograph and Electron micrograph of Mast cell activation;2. Mechanism of Type I hypersensitivity;1. Sensitization phase
allergen enter the body stimulate Ag-specific B cells differentiated to plasma cells production of IgE
Bind with high-affinity Fc?RI which expressed by mast cells and basophils ; 2. Excitation phase
The same allergen enter the body again→bind to IgE which was bound to mast cells and/or basophils, cross link of Fc?RI →induction the degranuation of mast cells and basophils, release biological active mediators;Biological active mediators ：
1. preformed mediators：histamine, eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), kininogenase , tryptase
2. newly produced mediators: leukotrienes, prostaglandin D2, platelet activating factor, cytokines;3. Effector phase
Immediate phase—several seconds after contact of allergen, can persist several hours, caused by histamine
Late phase—6-12h after contact of allergen, can persist several days
;Distribution and function of histamine;Abul K. abbas et al. Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 7th edition, Elsevier Saunders;Different substances cross link Fc?R;3. Ig E mediated allerigic diseases (type I hypersensitivity)
(1) anaphylactic shock caused by drugs
(2) anaphylactic shock caused by animal serum（TAT）
(3) hypersensitivity reaction in r
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