国际关系概论 第八节 国际军控与战略威慑.pptVIP

;本讲主要内容;一、管理国际安全的途径;Collective security集体安全: an arrangement by which all members of the international community agree to oppose together a threat to the security of any one of them (W.P.m.c.). Collective security : a global or regional security regime agreed to by the great powers setting rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state automatically will be met by a combined military response from the rest (W.P.t.t.).;一、管理国际安全的途径;结盟与不结盟政策;Deterrence威慑: a policy aimed at influencing another state or nonstate actor to not do something it would otherwise do (W.P.m.c.). Deterrence : a preventive strategy designed to dissuade an adversary from doing what it otherwise might prefer to do, such as initiating a military attack (W.P.t.t.). Extended deterrence延伸威慑;二、国际裁军与军备控制;Arms race军备竞赛: an action-reaction process of acquiring arms in response to the arms acquisitions of an adversary (W.P.m.c.). Arms control军备控制: a process that produces agreements to limit the production or use of weapons, or agreements on their management (W.P.m.c.). Arms control: multilateral or bilateral agreements to contain arms races by setting limits on the number and types of weapons states are permitted (W.P.t.t.).;Disarmament 裁军: a process aimed at the reduction in number or total elimination of weapons (W.P.m.c.). Disarmament: agreements to reduce or destroy weapons or other means of attack (W.P.t.t.). ;军备控制有关概念之间的关系图;建立信心措施实例：中、俄及中亚国家边境地区;（二）国际军控的内容与范围;军备控制的方式与成因 ;5、军备控制范围 生物武器、化学武器、核武器及其运载工具 武器生产技术、武器制造材料 太空非军事化 常规武器出口登记 地雷禁用 小型武器非法交易;（三）国际军控的缘起;安全困境与军备竞赛: 中国古代实例;安全困境与军备竞赛: 中美当代实例;GDP对比：1:10; 囚徒困境（安全困境）; 缓解安全困境的具体条件（基于美、苏冷战经验）;（四）国际社会军备控制的成果;三、战略威慑;内爆式原子弹原理图(高浓铀/武器钚);Nuclear weapons核武器: weapons that use massive amounts of energy released by atomic nuclei when split (fission) 裂变or combined (fussion)聚变. Nuclear triad三??一体核力量: a nuclear force structure consisting of bomb-carrying aricraft, land-based missiles, and submarine-based missiles.;浓缩铀的生