初中英语教学系统的设计.ppt

Aims, Goals and Objectives AIMS GOALS OBJECTIVES Idealistic, long term, difficult to measure Specific, short term, usually measurable (Paul Morris: The Hong Kong School Curriculum, 1996) The relationship can also be shown in this diagram: Aims Goals Objectives 共同点：都是教学要完成的任务和衡量教学质量的标准 不同点：由于aim（课程目标）带有方向性，具有 普遍性和原则性，抽象性。笼统性和最终的总 体性等特点。 因此教师和学校领导就难以掌握其目标是否达 标，实现。objective是教学进程的个别，局 部，阶段性的性 质，是aim的具体化，是 课程目标的某个方面的具体体现。 那个范围更大？ Incorrect definition on objectives Case 1 Teaching objectives: Knowledge objective: read and understand …… Ability objective: develop Ss’ …. Emotional objective: get the Ss to have…… Case 2 《中小学英语教学与研究》P 17.11/2006 Teaching aims: Knowledge aims: enable the students to know the function of the modal verb. Ability aims: a).let the students know how to use modal verbs. b).to develop the students ability of exploring rules of grammar and grasping them at the same time. 1.含糊其词，难以评价: develop student’s abilities in reading 2. 行为主体错位： 行为主体是学生而不是老师： develop students’ … 3. 表现程度笼统模糊： Ss should learn and master … Problems: 大而空，高而难 Case 3 (第七届初中英语教学观摩研讨会2007） Teaching aims: To make students know about the animals in danger. b. To practice listening, reading and speaking c. To learn how to get useful information from a dialogue. Case 4 Teaching objectives: Language focus； To enlarge vocabulary To understand the sotry Ability focus: To practice skimming and scanning skills To practice using tones to express different feelings Character building: To develop team spirit… 此目标设计关注了语言，能力和品格教育三个不同的层次 。扩大词汇量过于宏观，不具有可操作性和检测性。 如何确定合理有效的教学目标？ 1.是从教师出发还是从