医学英语阅读（第1册）Unit 3 The Skeletal System.ppt

Organization of Human Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones) pectoral girdles (4) upper limbs (60) pelvic girdle (2) lower limbs (60) Funtions of the appendicular skeleton — to make locomotion possible — to protect the major organs * Organization of Human Skeleton Extra bones sutural bones in the skull cervical ribs lumbar ribs extra lumbar vertebrae * Functions of Human Skeleton Support — a framework supporting the body and maintains its shape. Movement — permitted by the joints between bones — powered by the skeletal muscles — coordinated by the nervous system * Functions of Human Skeleton Protection 1) The skull 2) The vertebrae 3) The rib cage, spine, and sternum 4) The clavicle and scapula 5) The ilium and spine 6) The patella and the ulna 7) The carpals and tarsals * Functions of Human Skeleton Blood Cell Production haematopoiesis — taking place in red bone marrow Storage 1) Bone matrix can store calcium. 2) Bone marrow can store iron in ferritin. 3) Bones are a mixture of chondroitin sulfate and hydroxyapatite. * Major Bones of the Skeletal System Skull (22 bones) 8 in the cranium 14 facial bones, including the mandible * Major Bones of the Skeletal System Vertebrae (33 vertebrae) — central support 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae 5 sacrum ( fused load-bearing vertebrae) 4 coccyx ( fused “tail” vertebrae). * Major Bones of the Skeletal System 1) spongy or cancellate bone 2) compact bone 3) cartilage Rib Cage (12 pairs of flat bones) True ribs (upper seven pairs) False ribs (pairs 8–10) flexible Floating ribs (pairs 11–12) * Major Bones of the Skeletal System Limb Girdles 1) shoulder girdle 2) hip girdle * Major Bones of the Skeletal System Limbs 1) arm 2) leg * Components of Bones compact bone — strong, dense and tough spongy bone — honey