牛津译林版高中英语选修七Unit1《Livingwithtechnology》语法讲练讲解.docVIP

Unit1 Living with technology 语法讲解 Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs 动词的种类 动词的种类比较复杂，大致可以根据其在句子中的功用分为及物动词与不及物动词， 连系动词介乎二者之间。 及物动词和不及物动词 (Transitive and intransitive verbs) 及物动词要求有直接宾语。如： John Ford himself opened the door to me. 不及物动词则不需要宾语。如： The car stopped. 及物动词可以有一个或两个 （直接和间接） 宾语或复合宾语。 如：Mist clothed the hills. They gave him the first injection. 只有及物动词可用于被动语态。如： The meeting will be held in the town hall. 许多动词既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词。如： He turned his horse ’s head and rode away. Tom turned towards Maggie. 有些不及物动词有时可用作及物动词。如： He walked the horse to and fro. 有些不及物动词用作及物动词时可后接同源宾语。 如：Morell dreamed an extraordinary dream last night. 有些动词形式相似，但一为及物动词，一为不及物动词，有 lay 与 lie ，raise 与 rise ， set 与 sit 等。如： They’ve raised a statue in memory of Robert Burns. The kite rises in the sky. 有些及物动词常用作不及物动词以表示被动意义，这时主语往往是物而不是人。如 The books sold out in a week. 连系动词 (linking verbs) 连系动词是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须后接表语。 be 是最基本的连系动词。如： (1) It is not late. (2) Shelley was an atheist. (3) He had been in Germany for five years. (4) My idea is to go there right today. (5) The problem is finding the right house. (6) Tha t was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 常用的连系动词还有 appear ，become，get ，look ，remain ，seem等。如： (7) Gradually he become silent. (8) Tenny’s face remained expressionless. (9) The dish smells good. (10) His explanation sounds all right. 有些可以和形容词连用的动词也属于连系动词， 有 blow open，blush red ，break loose ， grow worse ，fall ill ，stand quiet ，turn pale 等。 含被动意义的主动语态形式 有些不及物动词（其主语大都指物）的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这种不及物动词有 下 列几种： 1）某些连系动词，如 smell ，taste ，sound，prove ，feel 等。 （1）The flowers smell sweet. （2）The food tastes nice. （3）That sounds very reasonable. （4）The story proved quite false. 2）某些与 can’t ，won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如 move，lock ，shut ，open 等。 （5）It can’t move. （6）The door won’t shut. 3）某些可和 well ，easily 等副词连用的不及物动词， 如 read ，write ，wash，clean ，draw， burn ，cook，photograph 等。 （7）The cloth washes well. （8）The poem reads smoothly. （9）The cistern doesn ’t clean easily. （10）This kind of rice cooks more