国际经济学克鲁格曼中文版第4章要素与贸易 赫克歇尔-俄林模型 .pptVIP

Slide 4-* // 1 2 附录：要素价格、产品价格以及投入选择 图 4A-2:改变工资-地租比率带来的影响 生产1卡路里粮食投入的土地, aTF 生产1卡路里粮食投入的劳动, aLF 斜率 = - (w/r)2 斜率 = - (w/r)1 Slide 4-* FF CC 斜率 = - (w/r) 附录：要素价格、产品价格以及要素投入比率选择 图 4A-3:决定工资-地租比率 土地投入量 劳动投入量 Slide 4-* FF CC1 斜率 = - (w/r)1 CC2 斜率 = - (w/r)2 附录：要素价格、产品价格以及要素投入比率选择 图 4A-4: 棉布价格上升的影响 土地投入量 劳动投入量 Chapter 4 Resources and Trade:The Heckscher-Ohlin Model Slide 4-* Introduction A Model of a Two-Factor Economy Effects of International Trade Between Two-Factor Economies Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model Summary Appendix: Factor Prices, Goods Prices, and Input Choices Chapter Organization Slide 4-* Introduction In the real world, while trade is partly explained by differences in labor productivity, it also reflects differences in countries’ resources. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory: Emphasizes resource differences as the only source of trade Shows that comparative advantage is influenced by: Relative factor abundance (refers to countries) Relative factor intensity (refers to goods) Is also referred to as the factor-proportions theory Slide 4-* Assumptions of the Model An economy can produce two goods, cloth and food. The production of these goods requires two inputs that are in limited supply; labor (L) and land (T). Production of food is land-intensive and production of cloth is labor-intensive in both countries. Perfect competition prevails in all markets. A Model of a Two-Factor Economy Slide 4-* // Input combinations that produce one calorie of food Unit land input aTF , in acres per calorie Unit land input aLF , in hours per calorie A Model of a Two-Factor Economy Figure 4-1: Input Possibilities in Food Production Slide 4-* Factor Intensity In a world of two goods (cloth and food) and two factors (labor and land), food production is land-intensive, if at any given wage-rental ratio the land-labor ratio used in the production of food is greater than that used in the production of cloth: TF/LF TC/ LC Exampl