时间状语从句教学知识.pdfVIP

Grammar: adverbial clause of time I.when, while , as 可引导 时间状语从句。 When I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. While he was in prison , he wrote his first novel. 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，从句用进行时或延续 性动作状态时,when,while,as可互换。 II. 区别 1. as多用于口语中，引导持续性动作，侧重于两个动作 同时发生,有 “当… 的时候”， “一边…一边…”或表示 “随着”的含义, eg. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. As time went on, Einstein ’s theory proved to be correct. As he grew older, he began to go deaf. 2. while常引导延续性动作，表示的是一段时间,不是一点 时间,强调动作同时发生，相当于during the time. Please don ’t talk so loud while others are talking. while还有对比的含义,有时也表示 “尽管”，引导让步 状语 He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music. 3. when 强调 “特定时间”, 从句动作发生与主句动作之 前时用when，不可用while和as 。 I can have a rest when I have finished my work. All the lights went out when the clock struck twelve. when还可做 并列连词,意为 “那时,这时”,相 当 于and at this/that time We are about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain. I was walking on the street when I saw a tailor ’s shop. I had walked 20 miles when it started to rain. as, while, when 用法总结 1. 都可以引导时间状语，且意思为 “当…的时候”但as和 while 常强调 两个动作 同时发 生。 当强调 两个动作时间 先后时只能用when。 2. when 还可做 并列连词,意为 “那时,这时”,相 当于and at this/that time 。且还可用于 “hardly/ scarcely …when” 结构 中，意为 “刚…就…”。 3. while 有时表示转折或引导让 步状语，意为 “然而”或 “尽 管”。 4. as 用法很 多，引导时间状语时有时意为 “一边…一边… 或 “随着”。 也可做 关系代词 用与定语从 句中，还可意 “尽 管” “因为” “按照”等，引导让 步、原 因、方式 状语从 句。 Grammar 2: past perfect tense 过去的两个动作，如果一个动作发 生在 另一个动作之前， 发 生在前的就用过去完成时，即 “过去的过去”。 eg. When he reached the shop, it had already close 1. 在by,by the end of,by the time 后接某一表示过 去的时间时。 He had copied the report three times by ten last night. By the end of last Friday, the project had already been completed. 2. 表示原计划打算做某事而没有办成。 常用词有: want,mean, plan,hope think ,suppose, expect etc. I had thought he had died. We had hoped to catch the 8:00 bus,