脑卒中患者的家庭康复护理 毕业论文.docVIP

郑州大学自考本科毕业论文 　　　 专　　业　　　 ICU13A1 　　　　　　　 　　　　 姓　　名　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　 准考证号　　　010314101161　　　　　 　　　　 论文题目　　　脑卒中患者的家庭康复护理　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 2015 年　4　月　9　日 目录 家庭康复护理情况、必要性及有效性····························1 1.1护理情况·················································1 1.2必要性···················································2 1.3有效性···················································2 康复护理教育内容···········································2 2.1对患者及家属的康复护理教育······························2 2.2家庭环境的改造···········································2 2.3体位护理·················································3 2.3.1平卧位················································3 2.3.2侧卧位················································3 2.3.3俯卧位················································3 2.3.4坐卧位················································3 2.4饮食护理··················································3 2.5 运动功能障碍康复护理·····································4 2.5.1 床上锻炼···············································4 2.5.2下床到过渡期 ···········································4 3. 患者的心理护理············································4 4.小结······················································5 脑卒中患者的家庭康复护理 【摘要】目前我国脑卒中家庭康复护理状况不容乐观。首先简单介绍了脑卒中患者家庭康复护理的情况，必要性及有效性。因经济原因多数患者度过急性期便回家进行康复为保证患者的康复治疗效果，使患者的身体有最大限度的恢复，重点综述了脑卒中患者在家庭康复护理的内容，?尤其是有关脑卒中运动功能障碍的康复护理以减轻患者生理，心理的困扰。 【关键词】脑卒中；康复护理；运动功能障碍 ???脑卒中是一种急性起病且病程长，因脑局部血液循环障碍而引起的神经功能缺损综合征，好发于中老年人并有年轻化的趋势。其特点为发病率、死亡率、致残率高且并发症较多。高致残率成为≥60岁老年人的第二致死因素[1]随着我国人口结构的变化，脑卒中的发病率呈上升趋势[2]由于国内的社区卫生保健及相关服务机构发展不完善以及家庭经济条件等原因，绝大多数患者在医院度过急性期后便回家进行家庭康复，家庭成员便成为最主要的照顾者，且持续时间平均超过2年[3]由于家属以及患者对该病的康复知识和技能的缺乏从而引起患者的心理、生理功能等未得到较好的恢复，只是停留在一般的生活照顾上。但在我国对于脑卒中患者家庭康复护理的相关报道却少见，可见脑卒中患者相关家庭康复护理知识的教育显得尤为重要。现将脑卒中患者的家庭康复护理综述如下。 ? 1?家庭康复护理情况、必要性及有效性 1.1?护理情况 部分资料表明，国内脑卒中病人的家庭康复护理带有模糊性和随意性，社区家庭康复护理工作尚未系统开展[4]资料显示143例脑卒中患者80.4%的患者需要获得康复知识及指导，69.2%的病人需要进行康复复查，76.2%的家属需要获得康复指导，78.3%的家属需要定期进行电话随访或者家庭访视[5]。多数人缺乏脑卒中家庭康复护理知识，引起了许多错误的家庭康复决策和行为的发生[6-7]。况且对于患者来说需要得