英语修辞与写作.pdf

第一章 明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻 第一节 明喻 1 . 1 . 1 明喻( Simile) 的定义 The definition of simile - A simile is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind by using the words: as, like, as …as, etc. Another definition: A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is an explicit comparison ( as opposed to the metaphor where the comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of the word “like ”or “as ”. 有学者认为, “一事物”可称为“本体”, 而“另一事物”最好称为“喻体”。请看例句: New China is like a red sun rising in the east. ( 本体) ( 比喻词) ( 喻体) 从例句结构上看, 明喻包括“本体”( subject or ten or) 和“喻体”( reference or vehicle ) 。 本体指被比喻的对象, 喻体指用来做比喻的对象, 比喻词用在本体和喻体之间起连接介绍作 用。从词源上讲, simile 源于拉丁词 similis, 其意义相当于英语介词 like( 像) 。弄明白了本 体、喻体和比喻词, 对于理解和掌握明喻是大有裨益的。 1 . 1 . 2 明喻的例解 1 . 1 . 2. 1 用 like 或 as 引导 1 . My heart is like a singing bird. ( C. G Rossetti: A Birthday) 我的心如小鸟在歌唱。 2 . I wondered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils) 我像一朵白云在独自漫游。 3 . He bellowed like a bull seeking combat. 他像寻衅的公牛一样怒吼。 ·5 · 4 . He is as cunning as a fox. 他像狐狸一样狡猾。 5 . My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, precise as a chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And think of it! - I was only eighteen. ( Marx Schulman) 我的头脑像发电机那样强大有力, 像药剂师的天平那样精确, 像外科大夫的手术刀那样 锋利。你想想看吧! ———我那时才十八岁。 6 . The quality of mercy is not straind. It drops as the gentle rain from heaven. ( Shakespeare) 怜悯的性质不能曲解, 它是从天而降的甘霖。 1 . 1 . 2. 2 用 what 引导 1 . The pen is to a writer what the gun to a fighter. 作家的笔犹如战士的枪。 2 . What scul