模板高中英语语法 - 构词法.pptVIP

　 概念：合成法指由两个或两个以上的单词合成新词。 Ⅰ.合成法 (Compounding) 1. 合成名词 (Noun compounds) ⑴ n. + n. = n. spaceship classroom girlfriend mooncake postman chairman hip-hop 街舞 ⑵ adj. + n. = n. blackboard whiteboard greenhouse superstar 演示课件 ⑶ v-ing + n. = n. runningwater dining room drinking water reading room ⑷ n. + v-ing = n. handwriting horse riding 2. 合成形容词 (Adjective compounds) warm-hearted cold-blooded part-time broad- minded man-made handmade good-looking 演示课件 3. 合成介词 (Preposition compounds) outside inside within without 4. 合成副词 (Adverb compounds) sometimes overhead downstairs nearby 5. 合成动词 (Verb compounds) underline moonwalk overwork overhear overcome chain-smoke nickname mass-produce 演示课件 6. 合成代词 (Pronoun compounds) -one -body -thing some- someone somebody something any- anyone anybody anything every- everyone everybody everything no- none nobody nothing 演示课件 Ⅱ. 派生法 (Affixation) 概念：派生法又叫词缀法，是给一个单词加上前缀或后缀而构成新的单词。 1. 前缀法 （Prefixation） 一般来说前缀不会改变一个词的词性。 ⑴ 否定前缀 ① un + adj. unhappy unknown unusual untrue unimportant unable unkind 演示课件 ② un + adv. unusually unexpectedly unhappily undoubtedly ③ un + v. uncover untie unlock ④ im + adj. impossible impolite impatient ⑤ in + adj. incorrect incomplete invisible ⑥ ir + adj. irregular irreplaceable 演示课件 ⑦ mis + v. mistake misunderstand ⑧ dis + v. dislike disagree disappear ⑨ dis + adj. dishonest discouraged 泄气的 ⑵ 表示空间位置关系的前缀 a- 表示在……之上；处于……的状态 ahead 在头顶上 abroad aside 在外边 演示课件 fore- 在……前面 forehead forearm in-, il-, im, 向……内，在……内 inside include import out- 向外 outside outdoors outlook观点，见解 over- 在上面的，在外的 overhead overcoat overcome pre- 在……之前 prewar