圆锥曲线的性质及其应用.doc

圆锥曲线的性质及其应用 目录 摘 要 ··········································································1 关 键 词 ·······································································1 1. 引 言 ····································································· 1 2. 圆 锥 曲 线 的 性 质 ····························································2 2.1 圆 锥 曲 线 的 基 本 性 质 ·····················································2 2.2 圆 锥 曲 线 的 光 学 性 质 ·····················································4 2.3 由 圆 的 性 质 引 出 的 圆 锥 曲 线 的 性 质 ·········································7 2.3.1 蝴 蝶 定 理 ························································7 2.3.2 帕 斯 卡 定 理 ······················································8 2.4 与 焦 点 弦 相 关 的 几 条 性 质 ················································9 3. 圆 锥 曲 线 性 质 的 应 用 ·······················································11 3.1 基 本 性 质 的 应 用 ························································11 3.2 光 学 性 质 的 应 用 ························································12 3.2.1解 决 一 类 “ 距 离 之 和 ” 的 最 值 问 题 ··································12 3.2.2 圆锥曲线光学性质在解决与“切线”相关问题时起简捷作用············15 3.2.3在 生 产 生 活 中 的 作 用 ··············································16 3.3 由 圆 的 性 质 引 出 的 圆 锥 曲 线 的 性 质 的 应 用 ···································17 3.3.1蝴 蝶 定 理 的 应 用 ··················································17 3.3.2巴斯卡定理的应用 ···············································19 3.4 与 焦 点 弦 相 关 的 几 条 性 质 的 应 用 ··········································20 4. 总 结 ·····································································22 参 考 文 献 ·····································································22 圆锥曲线的性质及其应用 摘要 本文首先从圆锥曲线的产生和发展入手，对圆锥曲线的定义和圆锥 曲线的部分性质进行了简要的概括．主要是利用平面解析几何的知识和数形结 合思想，对圆锥曲线的基本性质、光学性质，由圆的性质推广得到的几条性质 和与焦点弦有关的性质，进行了总结和证明，并且将它们在日常生活中的应用 和在解题中的应用进行了简要说明． 关键词 圆锥曲线；性质；应用 中图分类号 O123.1 The Properties of conic and Application 1 圆锥曲线的性质及其应用 1 引言： 公元前 4 世纪古希腊著名学者梅内克缪斯在解决 “倍立方问题”的过 程中他发现了圆锥曲线．取顶角为锐角、直角、钝角的三种不同的直圆锥， 用垂直于直圆锥的一条母线的平面去截它们，