初中英语语法名词性从句.pdfVIP

名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组， 名词从句又可分为 主语从 句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一． 主语从句 1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 that,whether, if 和连接代词 what, who, which, whatever,whoever 以及连接副词 how, when, where, why 等词引导。 that 在句中无词义，只起连 接作用。 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、 又起连接作用， 在从句中充当从句的成 分。主语从句要求使用陈述句语序。 What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. How he was successful is still a puzzle. That he is going aboard made him excited. Where the English party will be held has not yet been announced. 注：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语 从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式 。 It is interesting that you like him. It is a pity that you can not go to the party tonight. 2. 连接词的选用 （1）that 和 what 的选用 that 和 what 都可引导主语从句。 what 除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作 从句的主语、宾语或表语。而 that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。 What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。 （2）if 和 whether 的选用 引导主语从句，不能用 if ，只能用 whether。如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. （3）其它连接代词和副词的选用 根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词 既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如： When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. （4）whatever / whoever 的功用 whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。 它引导主语从句， 并在从句中作主语、 宾语、表语等。 whatever =no matter what= anything that; whoever = no matter who=anyone who. Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句） ＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句） ＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. 二．宾语从句 名词用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样， 在句中可以做谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1.由连