旅游文化讲解之园林文化.ppt

旅游文化讲解之园林文化 园林要素和 造园手法Classical Chinese Gardens Private Gardens（私家园林） Imperial Gardens(皇家园林） Owned by ancient Chinese emperors . Owned mainly by the painters, the poets, and other scholars. Beihai Park; the Summer Palace; the Mountain Resort in Chengde Landscape Garden (风景名胜园林) E.g. Places for public recreation. West Lake; Daming Lake E.g. Temple Garden(寺庙园林) ·Humble Administrator‘s Garden?(拙政园) ·Lingering Garden (留园)? ·Master of the Nets Garden?(网师园) ·Lion Grove Garden (狮子林)? Private Gardens: Famous Private Gardens in Suzhou: Geyuan Garden(个园) Heyuan Garden (何园) Famous Private Gardens in Yangzhou: 3.1 Elements for Creating the Garden(园林构成要素) Rock As an element, rock is classified by the Chinese as yang because it is strong, durable and hard. Garden builders favor Taihu rocks because of their wonderful shapes and forms: thinness(瘦) corrugation （皱） leakage（漏） transparency（透） Water 1. Water is used in Chinese gardens for its physical beauty. 2. Water is used in Chinese gardens for its important symbols. —The Chinese garden design is about balance and harmony and the water is the ‘yin’ to the rocks ‘yang’. — Water is one of Taoist’s favorite symbols： “the highest virtue is like water,” (上善若水) 3. Water absorbs the heat and adjusts the microclimate during the warm seasons. 4. Water fits the requirement of the fire protection. Plants Plants in the Chinese Garden are known for their symbolic meanings. — The willow represents grace. — The bamboo symbolizes strength and upright morality. — The pine is the symbol of longevity. — Chrysanthemum symbolizes firmness and perseverance. —“Three Friends of Winter” (pine, bamboo and plum blossom) represent wisdom, friendship, respectability and strength through adversity. Buildings “Chinese build gardens whereas in the West gardeners plant gardens.” Buildings that are commonly seen include: --An open pavilion is called a ting(亭). -- A building by the water with windows all around is a xie（榭）. -- Covered wal